CS101: Lesson-wise MCQs

CS101 Lesson Wise MCQs

Welcome to your go-to resource for CS101! Here, you’ll find easy-to-follow lesson-wise MCQs, quizzes, and past exam papers to help you prepare for both midterms and finals.

We’ve covered all the key topics from your CS101 course, and each MCQ is designed to test your knowledge with clear, easy-to-understand explanations for every answer.

Here’s what you’ll find on this page:

Lesson-wise MCQs: Access MCQs based on each chapter, carefully selected to match your syllabus. Every question comes with detailed explanations to help you understand the concepts better.
Quizzes: Test your knowledge with interactive quizzes that make learning fun and easy. Perfect for quick practice or revision.
Past Papers: Review past midterm and final exam papers to get a feel for the exam format and improve your preparation. You’ll also get answer keys and explanations to guide you.

Whether you’re preparing for midterms or finals, these resources will help you study smart and score high in CS101. Start practicing today and boost your grades!

Quizes

/66

CS 101 : 20 Modules

1 / 66

What is the primary function of RAM in a computer system?

A) Long-term storage of files

B) Temporary storage for running programs

C) Displaying graphical information

D) Controlling input/output devices

Explanation:

RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile and used to store data for active processes.

Explanation:

RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile and used to store data for active processes.

2 / 66

What technology replaced punch cards in the evolution of computers?

A) Mechanical gears

B) Vacuum tubes

C) Transistors

D) Integrated circuits

Explanation:

Transistors replaced punch cards, marking a significant advancement in computing.

Explanation:

Transistors replaced punch cards, marking a significant advancement in computing.

3 / 66

How would you search for PDF files containing the term "Computer Science"?

A) "Computer Science" ext:pdf

B) "Computer Science" filetype:pdf

C) Both A and B

D) None of the above

Explanation:

Both operators work to retrieve results limited to PDF files.

Explanation:

Both operators work to retrieve results limited to PDF files.

4 / 66

What does the term "query" refer to in the context of search engines?

A) A list of webpages

B) A database command

C) A set of words entered for searching

D) An algorithm for indexing

Explanation:

A query is the input text provided to a search engine to retrieve information.

Explanation:

A query is the input text provided to a search engine to retrieve information.

5 / 66

Which search operator lets you search for pages on a specific website?

A) info:

B) site:

C) specific:

D) search:

Explanation:

The "site:" operator confines search results to a particular domain, e.g., "site:example.com".

Explanation:

The "site:" operator confines search results to a particular domain, e.g., "site:example.com".

6 / 66

Which of the following is a common example of a solid-state drive (SSD)?

A) Hard disk drive

B) Secure Digital (SD) card

C) Blue-Ray disk

D) Compact Disk (CD)

Explanation:

SD cards use solid-state technology similar to SSDs, offering portable storage.

Explanation:

SD cards use solid-state technology similar to SSDs, offering portable storage.

7 / 66

Why should you avoid clicking on ads while searching?

A) They slow down search results

B) They often lead to irrelevant or harmful content

C) They block useful resources

D) They increase search engine costs

Explanation:

Ads can lead to unpleasant or unsafe websites.

Explanation:

Ads can lead to unpleasant or unsafe websites.

8 / 66

What is the function of "zoned-bit recording" in magnetic storage?

A) Increasing storage capacity

B) Reducing access time

C) Enhancing transfer speed

D) Organizing files into zones

Explanation:

Zoned-bit recording increases the storage capacity by writing more sectors per track on outer zones of the disk.

Explanation:

Zoned-bit recording increases the storage capacity by writing more sectors per track on outer zones of the disk.

9 / 66

What happens when a query like "Flip a Coin" is entered in Google?

A) Google displays webpages about flipping coins

B) Google initiates a coin flip simulation

C) Google redirects to a gaming site

D) Google asks for more specific input

Explanation:

Google can simulate a coin flip when prompted.

Explanation:

Google can simulate a coin flip when prompted.

10 / 66

Which search engine is the primary focus of the course?

A) Yahoo

B) Bing

C) MSN

D) Google

Explanation:

The course focuses on Google due to its market dominance in internet searches.

Explanation:

The course focuses on Google due to its market dominance in internet searches.

11 / 66

Why is hexadecimal notation commonly used in computing?

A) It is easier for humans to read large binary numbers.

B) It is faster for computers to process.

C) It is used exclusively for storing images.

D) It replaces all other numbering systems.

Explanation:

Hexadecimal simplifies representation of binary data for humans.

Explanation:

Hexadecimal simplifies representation of binary data for humans.

12 / 66

Which of the following tasks can Google perform apart from searching webpages?

A) Converting currency

B) Flipping a coin

C) Performing calculations

D) All of the above

Explanation:

Google can perform various tasks such as calculations, flipping a coin, and currency conversions.

Explanation:

Google can perform various tasks such as calculations, flipping a coin, and currency conversions.

13 / 66

What is a common reason to avoid certain internet searches, such as celebrity scandals?

A) Results are heavily filtered

B) They lead to misinformation or malicious content

C) They are restricted by search engines

D) They show only paid content

Explanation:

Such searches may result in unreliable or harmful links.

Explanation:

Such searches may result in unreliable or harmful links.

14 / 66

**What is the primary goal of computer programming?**

A) Building physical hardware

B) Creating an executable computer program

C) Establishing network connections

D) Managing databases

**Explanation:**

Programming involves designing and building programs to accomplish specific tasks on a computer.

**Explanation:**

Programming involves designing and building programs to accomplish specific tasks on a computer.

15 / 66

What advantage does a flash drive offer over traditional optical storage?

A) Unlimited storage capacity

B) Faster data transfer speeds

C) Physical durability and rewritability

D) Ability to function as system RAM

Explanation:

Flash drives are durable and support multiple read/write cycles compared to optical media.

Explanation:

Flash drives are durable and support multiple read/write cycles compared to optical media.

16 / 66

What was a notable limitation of the ENIAC computer?

A) Inability to perform arithmetic operations

B) Extremely slow processing

C) Huge size and power consumption

D) Lack of programming capabilities

Explanation:

ENIAC was physically large and consumed a significant amount of power.

Explanation:

ENIAC was physically large and consumed a significant amount of power.

17 / 66

What Boolean operation returns true only when both operands are true?

A) AND

B) OR

C) XOR

D) NOT

Explanation:

The AND operation requires both inputs to be true for the result to be true.

Explanation:

The AND operation requires both inputs to be true for the result to be true.

18 / 66

What does ENIAC stand for?

A) Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator

B) Electronic Network for Information and Arithmetic Calculation

C) Enhanced Network Integration for Arithmetic Calculation

D) Electronic Node Integrator for Advanced Computation

Explanation:

ENIAC was one of the first general-purpose digital computers.

Explanation:

ENIAC was one of the first general-purpose digital computers.

19 / 66

How would you search for the definition of a term on Google?

A) Use the "define:" operator

B) Enclose the term in quotation marks

C) Add the word "meaning" after the term

D) Use "@" before the term

Explanation:

For example, "define:Computer" retrieves the definition of the term.

Explanation:

For example, "define:Computer" retrieves the definition of the term.

20 / 66

**An algorithm can be defined as ________.**

A) A type of computer network

B) A set of instructions to perform a task

C) A physical component of hardware

D) A programming language

**Explanation:**

Algorithms are detailed steps designed to solve specific problems.

**Explanation:**

Algorithms are detailed steps designed to solve specific problems.

21 / 66

What does the Boolean OR operation return?

A) True if at least one operand is true

B) True only if both operands are true

C) False if all operands are true

D) True only if all operands are false

Explanation:

The OR operation returns true when one or more operands are true.

Explanation:

The OR operation returns true when one or more operands are true.

22 / 66

What does "BD" stand for in optical storage?

A) Binary Disk

B) Blue-Ray Disk

C) Big Data

D) Basic Disk

Explanation:

BD refers to Blue-Ray Disk, a high-capacity optical storage format.

Explanation:

BD refers to Blue-Ray Disk, a high-capacity optical storage format.

23 / 66

How is the NOT Boolean operation best described?

A) Flips the input from true to false or vice versa

B) Combines two true values into one

C) Outputs true only when all inputs are false

D) Excludes specified operands

Explanation:

NOT inverts the logical value of its input.

Explanation:

NOT inverts the logical value of its input.

24 / 66

Which Boolean operation is also known as "exclusive OR"?

A) AND

B) XOR

C) OR

D) NOT

Explanation:

XOR returns true when exactly one operand is true, but not both.

Explanation:

XOR returns true when exactly one operand is true, but not both.

25 / 66

What is the purpose of studying algorithms in this course?

A) To create new programming languages

B) To define steps for solving problems

C) To store and retrieve data efficiently

D) To design hardware components

Explanation:

An algorithm is a sequential set of steps used to perform a task.

Explanation:

An algorithm is a sequential set of steps used to perform a task.

26 / 66

How did punch cards contribute to early computing?

A) They stored large amounts of data electronically

B) They automated calculation processes

C) They provided input/output for early computers

D) They were used as display units

Explanation:

Punch cards were used to input and output data in early computing systems like the ENIAC.

Explanation:

Punch cards were used to input and output data in early computing systems like the ENIAC.

27 / 66

**In which of the following fields is Computer Science NOT significantly applied?**

A) Telecom

B) Banks

C) Software development

D) None of the above

**Explanation:**

Computer Science is applied in almost all modern fields, including telecom, banking, and software development.

**Explanation:**

Computer Science is applied in almost all modern fields, including telecom, banking, and software development.

28 / 66

What is the main purpose of Breadth First Learning in this course?

A) To focus on one subject in detail first

B) To give a comprehensive overview of all major topics in Computer Science

C) To develop advanced programming skills

D) To understand a single programming language deeply

Explanation:

Breadth First Learning introduces all the major topics to provide a broader understanding before diving into details.

Explanation:

Breadth First Learning introduces all the major topics to provide a broader understanding before diving into details.

29 / 66

If you wanted to search for information about a stock like Apple, which query would you use?

A) stock:apple

B) stocks:aapl

C) stock:Apple Inc

D) define:apple stock

Explanation:

The "stocks:" operator is used for retrieving stock market trends of a specific company, identified by its ticker symbol.

Explanation:

The "stocks:" operator is used for retrieving stock market trends of a specific company, identified by its ticker symbol.

30 / 66

Which operator restricts search results to pages where all specified terms are in the URL?

A) inurl:

B) allintitle:

C) allinurl:

D) intitle:

Explanation:

The "allinurl:" operator ensures all specified terms appear in the URL of the results.

Explanation:

The "allinurl:" operator ensures all specified terms appear in the URL of the results.

31 / 66

What distinguishes SDRAM from DRAM?

A) SDRAM operates synchronously with the system clock.

B) SDRAM is a form of non-volatile storage.

C) DRAM is faster than SDRAM.

D) SDRAM is used only in laptops.

Explanation:

SDRAM synchronizes with the CPU clock, allowing faster data access compared to DRAM.

Explanation:

SDRAM synchronizes with the CPU clock, allowing faster data access compared to DRAM.

32 / 66

What does the "define:" operator do in a search query?

A) Returns encyclopedic entries

B) Provides website-related information

C) Displays definitions of terms

D) Lists all related terms

Explanation:

The "define:" operator is specifically for retrieving term definitions.

Explanation:

The "define:" operator is specifically for retrieving term definitions.

33 / 66

What is the main advantage of learning about Data Abstraction in Computer Science?

A) It simplifies understanding complex systems

B) It ensures data security

C) It enhances the physical storage of data

D) It eliminates the need for algorithms

Explanation:

Data Abstraction helps hide complexities and allows easier system design.

Explanation:

Data Abstraction helps hide complexities and allows easier system design.

34 / 66

In hexadecimal, what is the decimal equivalent of the value "1A"?

A) 16

B) 24

C) 26

D) 30

Explanation:

"1A" in hexadecimal equals 1×16+10=26 in decimal.

Explanation:

"1A" in hexadecimal equals 1×16+10=26 in decimal.

35 / 66

What is the main advantage of optical storage compared to magnetic storage?

A) Faster access times

B) Higher durability and longevity

C) Lower cost per gigabyte

D) Compact physical size

Explanation:

Optical media such as CDs and DVDs are more resistant to environmental conditions.

Explanation:

Optical media such as CDs and DVDs are more resistant to environmental conditions.

36 / 66

Which storage medium uses lasers to read and write data?

A) Hard disk drive

B) Flash drive

C) Optical disk

D) RAM

Explanation:

Optical disks like CDs and DVDs use lasers for data reading and writing.

Explanation:

Optical disks like CDs and DVDs use lasers for data reading and writing.

37 / 66

What query would you use to find PDF files related to Virtual University?

A) "Virtual University" ext:pdf

B) "Virtual University" filetype:pdf

C) Both A and B

D) Neither A nor B

Explanation:

Both "ext:pdf" and "filetype:pdf" restrict search results to PDF files.

Explanation:

Both "ext:pdf" and "filetype:pdf" restrict search results to PDF files.

38 / 66

What is a major limitation of magnetic storage systems?

A) Inability to read data quickly

B) Susceptibility to physical wear and data loss

C) Incompatibility with modern systems

D) Small storage capacity

Explanation:

Magnetic storage devices like hard drives are prone to wear and can lose data over time.

Explanation:

Magnetic storage devices like hard drives are prone to wear and can lose data over time.

39 / 66

Which hexadecimal value corresponds to the binary number 1111?

A) F

B) E

C) 15

D) 10

Explanation:

In hexadecimal, the binary 1111 is represented as F.

Explanation:

In hexadecimal, the binary 1111 is represented as F.

40 / 66

Which search operator helps compare nutritional values of food items?

A) food:compare

B) nutrition:compare

C) website-specific comparison tools

D) myfooddata.com

Explanation:

The course references external tools like myfooddata.com for comparing food nutrition.

Explanation:

The course references external tools like myfooddata.com for comparing food nutrition.

41 / 66

What is the purpose of using two dots (..) in a Google search query?

A) To find specific dates

B) To search within a numeric range

C) To perform advanced calculations

D) To exclude irrelevant results

Explanation:

Using ".." specifies a range, e.g., "laptop pkr25000..pkr35000" for prices within that range.

Explanation:

Using ".." specifies a range, e.g., "laptop pkr25000..pkr35000" for prices within that range.

42 / 66

How do you exclude specific words from a Google search query?

A) Use quotation marks around the term

B) Add a minus sign (-) before the word

C) Use a wildcard (*)

D) Use the hashtag (#) symbol

Explanation:

The minus sign excludes all pages containing the word specified, such as "Jaguar -cars".

Explanation:

The minus sign excludes all pages containing the word specified, such as "Jaguar -cars".

43 / 66

**Which of the following is considered part of computer hardware?**

A) Operating system

B) Database management system

C) Mouse

D) Programming language

**Explanation:**

Computer hardware includes physical components like the mouse, monitor, keyboard, and other tangible parts.

**Explanation:**

Computer hardware includes physical components like the mouse, monitor, keyboard, and other tangible parts.

44 / 66

**Computer graphics are primarily used in ________.**

A) Text editing

B) Generating images and digital media

C) Secure transactions

D) Programming applications

**Explanation:**

Graphics are used in areas such as digital photography, video games, and movie production.

**Explanation:**

Graphics are used in areas such as digital photography, video games, and movie production.

45 / 66

Which symbol is used in a Google query to search specifically within social media platforms?

A) #

B) $

C) @

D) &

Explanation:

Adding "@" before the platform name in a query (e.g., "Fifa World Cup @Twitter") restricts the search to that social media platform.

Explanation:

Adding "@" before the platform name in a query (e.g., "Fifa World Cup @Twitter") restricts the search to that social media platform.

46 / 66

What computing device is considered one of the earliest tools for calculation?

A) ENIAC

B) Abacus

C) Punch Cards

D) Gears

Explanation:

The abacus was an early tool used for calculations, predating modern computing systems.

Explanation:

The abacus was an early tool used for calculations, predating modern computing systems.

47 / 66

Which factor directly affects seek time in magnetic storage devices?

A) Rotation delay

B) Disk capacity

C) Distance between read/write head and target location

D) Power consumption

Explanation:

Seek time is the duration needed to position the read/write head over the correct track on the disk.

Explanation:

Seek time is the duration needed to position the read/write head over the correct track on the disk.

48 / 66

What is a potential danger of searching for random software online?

A) Increased internet speed

B) Encountering viruses or malicious files

C) Reduced processing power

D) Increased system security

Explanation:

Downloading unknown software can expose devices to cyber-attacks.

Explanation:

Downloading unknown software can expose devices to cyber-attacks.

49 / 66

What should you type in Google to see the weather in Lahore?

A) Lahore temperature

B) Lahore forecast

C) Weather Lahore

D) Current weather in Lahore

Explanation:

Typing "Weather Lahore" in Google provides the weather details for Lahore.

Explanation:

Typing "Weather Lahore" in Google provides the weather details for Lahore.

50 / 66

Which Google search operator is used to search for an exact phrase?

A) Parentheses ()

B) Asterisk (*)

C) Quotation marks (" ")

D) Hyphen (-)

Explanation:

Enclosing a phrase in quotation marks ensures the search engine looks for the exact match as entered.

Explanation:

Enclosing a phrase in quotation marks ensures the search engine looks for the exact match as entered.

51 / 66

What does hexadecimal notation use as its base?

A) 2

B) 8

C) 10

D) 16

Explanation:

Hexadecimal is a base-16 number system, using digits 0-9 and letters A-F.

Explanation:

Hexadecimal is a base-16 number system, using digits 0-9 and letters A-F.

52 / 66

**What is the main function of computer software?**

A) To store data

B) To instruct the hardware to perform tasks

C) To physically connect computer networks

D) To secure the computer system

**Explanation:**

Software provides instructions to hardware for executing specific tasks and includes applications and operating systems.

**Explanation:**

Software provides instructions to hardware for executing specific tasks and includes applications and operating systems.

53 / 66

To find cached content of a webpage on Google, which operator should be used?

A) cache:

B) info:

C) related:

D) site:

Explanation:

The "cache:" operator retrieves the saved version of a website when it is offline.

Explanation:

The "cache:" operator retrieves the saved version of a website when it is offline.

54 / 66

**What is the primary purpose of computer security controls?**

A) To prevent physical damage to hardware

B) To ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and availability

C) To enhance software performance

D) To create algorithms

**Explanation:**

Security controls protect all components of computer systems, including hardware, software, and data.

**Explanation:**

Security controls protect all components of computer systems, including hardware, software, and data.

55 / 66

To find movie information, which operator should you use in Google search?

A) movie:

B) film:

C) cinema:

D) info:

Explanation:

The "movie:" operator retrieves information about films.

Explanation:

The "movie:" operator retrieves information about films.

56 / 66

To see maps of Lahore, which query should you use?

A) location:Lahore

B) maps:Lahore

C) map:Lahore

D) define:Lahore map

Explanation:

The "map:" operator generates a map view for the specified location.

Explanation:

The "map:" operator generates a map view for the specified location.

57 / 66

How can you search for images on Google using an existing image?

A) Use the Google Translate feature

B) Use the dedicated image search link

C) Include "image:" before the query

D) Search with "intitle:image"

Explanation:

Google Images allows users to upload an image to find visually similar images.

Explanation:

Google Images allows users to upload an image to find visually similar images.

58 / 66

Which Boolean operator would return results containing either or both terms specified in the query?

A) AND

B) OR

C) NOT

D) XOR

Explanation:

The "OR" operator includes results that have either one or both of the terms provided, such as "Computer OR Science".

Explanation:

The "OR" operator includes results that have either one or both of the terms provided, such as "Computer OR Science".

59 / 66

**What is the role of a database management system (DBMS)?**

A) Manage computer networks

B) Extract, modify, and delete data from a database

C) Generate visual graphics

D) Secure computer hardware

**Explanation:**

A DBMS organizes data for rapid search and retrieval.

**Explanation:**

A DBMS organizes data for rapid search and retrieval.

60 / 66

What does a "bit" represent in computing?

A) A large data file

B) A single binary digit

C) A processing unit

D) A storage device

Explanation:

A bit is the smallest unit of data in computing, representing either 0 or 1.

Explanation:

A bit is the smallest unit of data in computing, representing either 0 or 1.

61 / 66

What is the purpose of proximity search in Google?

A) To find results within a specified time range

B) To search for words close to each other

C) To find exact phrases in titles

D) To filter results by file type

Explanation:

Proximity search helps locate terms that appear near each other within content.

Explanation:

Proximity search helps locate terms that appear near each other within content.

62 / 66

**A network that connects computers to share resources is called a ________.**

A) Database

B) Operating System

C) Computer Network

D) Programming Interface

**Explanation:**

Networks allow sharing of resources like printers and internet connections between computers.

**Explanation:**

Networks allow sharing of resources like printers and internet connections between computers.

63 / 66

How many bits are in a byte?

A) 4

B) 8

C) 16

D) 32

Explanation:

A byte typically consists of 8 bits in most computer architectures.

Explanation:

A byte typically consists of 8 bits in most computer architectures.

64 / 66

How does Google handle capitalization in search queries?

A) It gives priority to capitalized terms

B) It is case-sensitive

C) It is case-insensitive

D) It ignores capital letters entirely

Explanation:

Google treats uppercase and lowercase letters the same way in search queries.

Explanation:

Google treats uppercase and lowercase letters the same way in search queries.

65 / 66

Why is learning the basics of Computer Science considered essential for all fields?

A) It is mandatory for a degree in science.

B) Computer Science skills are universally applicable.

C) Only Computer Science students require it.

D) It simplifies networking tasks.

Explanation:

Basic concepts of Computer Science are helpful across disciplines like Business, Engineering, and Sciences.

Explanation:

Basic concepts of Computer Science are helpful across disciplines like Business, Engineering, and Sciences.

66 / 66

Which software tool will be used to demonstrate spreadsheet functionalities in this course?

A) Microsoft Word

B) Microsoft Excel

C) Google Docs

D) PowerPoint

Explanation:

The course uses Microsoft Excel to teach spreadsheet operations.

Explanation:

The course uses Microsoft Excel to teach spreadsheet operations.

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Quizes

/80

CS 101 : 21-40 Modules

1 / 80

What numeric system is primarily used to represent values in computers?

A) Decimal

B) Binary

C) Octal

D) Hexadecimal

Explanation:

Computers represent numeric values using the binary system, which uses 0s and 1s.

Explanation:

Computers represent numeric values using the binary system, which uses 0s and 1s.

2 / 80

What does the term "LAN" stand for in networking?

A) Local Area Network

B) Large Area Network

C) Linked Application Network

D) Logical Access Network

Explanation:

LAN connects computers within a limited geographical area, such as a home or office.

Explanation:

LAN connects computers within a limited geographical area, such as a home or office.

3 / 80

Which device typically connects multiple LANs and routes traffic between them?

A) Switch

B) Router

C) Modem

D) Repeater

Explanation:

Routers connect multiple networks and determine the best path for data transfer.

Explanation:

Routers connect multiple networks and determine the best path for data transfer.

4 / 80

Which protocol is used for resolving domain names into IP addresses?

A) DNS

B) DHCP

C) SMTP

D) FTP

Explanation:

DNS (Domain Name System) converts human-readable domain names into IP addresses.

Explanation:

DNS (Domain Name System) converts human-readable domain names into IP addresses.

5 / 80

What is the main disadvantage of a bus topology?

A) Expensive setup cost

B) Dependency on a central hub

C) Single point of failure for the main cable

D) Complex troubleshooting

Explanation:

If the main cable in a bus topology fails, the entire network is affected.

Explanation:

If the main cable in a bus topology fails, the entire network is affected.

6 / 80

Which protocol is used to dynamically assign IP addresses to devices on a network?

A) DNS

B) DHCP

C) ARP

D) HTTP

Explanation:

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automates the assignment of IP addresses in a network.

Explanation:

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automates the assignment of IP addresses in a network.

7 / 80

How does a router differ from a switch?

A) A router connects devices within a LAN.

B) A router connects different networks.

C) A router provides IP addresses to devices.

D) A router encrypts transmitted data.

Explanation:

Routers are responsible for connecting multiple networks and managing their traffic.

Explanation:

Routers are responsible for connecting multiple networks and managing their traffic.

8 / 80

Which protocol is primarily used for sending emails?

A) HTTP

B) FTP

C) SMTP

D) DNS

Explanation:

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for transmitting emails between servers.

Explanation:

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for transmitting emails between servers.

9 / 80

What is the primary difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

A) IPv6 uses 32 bits, while IPv4 uses 128 bits

B) IPv6 supports more addresses than IPv4

C) IPv6 is slower than IPv4

D) IPv6 does not use subnet masks

Explanation:

IPv6 uses 128 bits for addressing, significantly increasing the number of available IP addresses compared to IPv4's 32 bits.

Explanation:

IPv6 uses 128 bits for addressing, significantly increasing the number of available IP addresses compared to IPv4's 32 bits.

10 / 80

What does MIDI stand for in sound representation?

A) Musical Instrument Digital Interface

B) Music Input Data Integration

C) Media Interaction and Data Integration

D) Musical Interface for Data Interaction

Explanation:

MIDI is a standard for encoding musical data digitally.

Explanation:

MIDI is a standard for encoding musical data digitally.

11 / 80

What is a subnet mask used for in networking?

A) To encrypt network traffic

B) To separate the network and host portions of an IP address

C) To speed up data transfer rates

D) To manage device permissions

Explanation:

Subnet masks define which part of an IP address identifies the network and which part identifies the device.

Explanation:

Subnet masks define which part of an IP address identifies the network and which part identifies the device.

12 / 80

What is the purpose of the HTTP protocol?

A) To provide secure communication

B) To enable web browsers to retrieve web pages

C) To manage email services

D) To transmit multimedia files

Explanation:

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used for transmitting web page data.

Explanation:

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used for transmitting web page data.

13 / 80

What is the primary function of a computer's operating system?

A) Perform arithmetic calculations

B) Manage hardware and software resources

C) Provide internet access

D) Protect the computer from viruses

Explanation:

An operating system acts as a bridge between the user and computer hardware, managing resources efficiently.

Explanation:

An operating system acts as a bridge between the user and computer hardware, managing resources efficiently.

14 / 80

What is the primary purpose of a URL's query string?

A) To specify the domain name

B) To provide additional parameters for the requested resource

C) To encrypt data transmitted over the network

D) To determine the protocol used

Explanation:

Query strings contain parameters that modify or provide input for a web request.

Explanation:

Query strings contain parameters that modify or provide input for a web request.

15 / 80

What is the primary function of the ICMP protocol?

A) To encrypt data packets

B) To test network connectivity and diagnose issues

C) To manage email communications

D) To assign IP addresses dynamically

Explanation:

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used for pinging devices and troubleshooting networks.

Explanation:

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used for pinging devices and troubleshooting networks.

16 / 80

What does the acronym FAT stand for in file systems?

A) File Allocation Table

B) File Access Technology

C) Fast Algorithm Tracker

D) File Archival Tool

Explanation:

FAT is a file system architecture used for managing file storage on devices.

Explanation:

FAT is a file system architecture used for managing file storage on devices.

17 / 80

What is the purpose of virtual memory in a computer system?

A) To enhance processor speed

B) To use secondary storage as if it were RAM

C) To perform backups of data

D) To store system logs

Explanation:

Virtual memory allows a computer to compensate for shortages in physical RAM by using disk space.

Explanation:

Virtual memory allows a computer to compensate for shortages in physical RAM by using disk space.

18 / 80

Which method is used to scale images without losing geometric accuracy?

A) Rasterization

B) Pixel-to-pixel duplication

C) Geometric structures for scaling

D) Color depth reduction

Explanation:

Geometric scaling retains proportional accuracy of images.

Explanation:

Geometric scaling retains proportional accuracy of images.

19 / 80

What technology underlies flash drives for data storage?

A) Magnetic recording

B) Laser-based writing

C) NAND flash memory

D) Optical recording

Explanation:

Flash drives use NAND flash memory, which allows non-volatile and fast data storage.

Explanation:

Flash drives use NAND flash memory, which allows non-volatile and fast data storage.

20 / 80

Which type of network uses public infrastructure to provide secure connections?

A) LAN

B) VPN

C) WAN

D) MAN

Explanation:

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) uses encryption to secure connections over public networks.

Explanation:

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) uses encryption to secure connections over public networks.

21 / 80

What is the function of the default gateway in a network?

A) To assign dynamic IP addresses

B) To route traffic from a local network to external networks

C) To resolve domain names

D) To store firewall configurations

Explanation:

A default gateway acts as an access point for devices to communicate with external networks.

Explanation:

A default gateway acts as an access point for devices to communicate with external networks.

22 / 80

What is brightness in an image determined by?

A) The chrominance of pixels

B) The number of bits in storage

C) The intensity of light for each pixel

D) The scaling method applied

Explanation:

Brightness is measured by the light intensity of individual pixels.

Explanation:

Brightness is measured by the light intensity of individual pixels.

23 / 80

What is a loopback IP address commonly used for?

A) Testing the network interface on a device

B) Routing data to external networks

C) Managing static IP allocations

D) Encrypting traffic within a LAN

Explanation:

The loopback IP address (commonly 127.0.0.1) is used for testing and troubleshooting local systems.

Explanation:

The loopback IP address (commonly 127.0.0.1) is used for testing and troubleshooting local systems.

24 / 80

Which part of the URL "https://www.example.com/page" specifies the protocol?

A) https://

B) www

C) example.com

D) /page

Explanation:

The "https://" part of the URL indicates the protocol used for data transfer, ensuring secure communication.

Explanation:

The "https://" part of the URL indicates the protocol used for data transfer, ensuring secure communication.

25 / 80

What does UTF-8 stand for?

A) Universal Text Format 8

B) Unicode Transformation Format 8-bit

C) Unstructured Text Framework

D) Unicode Transfer File 8

Explanation:

UTF-8 is a variable-width encoding for Unicode, optimized for compatibility and efficiency.

Explanation:

UTF-8 is a variable-width encoding for Unicode, optimized for compatibility and efficiency.

26 / 80

Which type of user interface involves typing commands?

A) Graphical User Interface (GUI)

B) Command Line Interface (CLI)

C) Menu-driven Interface

D) Touchscreen Interface

Explanation:

CLI allows users to interact with the operating system by entering text commands.

Explanation:

CLI allows users to interact with the operating system by entering text commands.

27 / 80

What is the main purpose of a firewall in computer networks?

A) To monitor hardware performance

B) To manage software installations

C) To protect the network from unauthorized access

D) To encrypt all transmitted data

Explanation:

Firewalls filter incoming and outgoing traffic to block malicious activities.

Explanation:

Firewalls filter incoming and outgoing traffic to block malicious activities.

28 / 80

What layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing packets?

A) Application

B) Transport

C) Network

D) Data Link

Explanation:

The network layer handles routing and forwarding of data packets between devices.

Explanation:

The network layer handles routing and forwarding of data packets between devices.

29 / 80

What is a drawback of using wireless networks compared to wired networks?

A) Higher installation cost

B) Reduced mobility

C) Susceptibility to interference and lower security

D) Complex cabling requirements

Explanation:

Wireless networks are more vulnerable to interference and hacking than wired networks.

Explanation:

Wireless networks are more vulnerable to interference and hacking than wired networks.

30 / 80

How does a multitasking operating system differ from a single-tasking one?

A) It can run multiple programs simultaneously.

B) It requires less memory.

C) It works without hardware support.

D) It is used only in older systems.

Explanation:

Multitasking systems allocate resources to run several programs at the same time.

Explanation:

Multitasking systems allocate resources to run several programs at the same time.

31 / 80

Which protocol ensures secure data communication over the internet by encrypting HTTP traffic?

A) FTP

B) HTTPS

C) ARP

D) ICMP

Explanation:

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) encrypts HTTP traffic, providing secure communication.

Explanation:

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) encrypts HTTP traffic, providing secure communication.

32 / 80

What does the acronym VPN stand for?

A) Virtual Private Network

B) Virtual Protocol Node

C) Verified Personal Network

D) Variable Protected Network

Explanation:

A VPN creates a secure tunnel for data over public or shared networks.

Explanation:

A VPN creates a secure tunnel for data over public or shared networks.

33 / 80

How are fractional numbers represented in binary?

A) Using hexadecimal notation

B) By placing a radix point

C) By adding binary digits without fractions

D) By using ASCII codes

Explanation:

Binary fractions use a radix point, similar to decimal fractions, to separate integer and fractional parts.

Explanation:

Binary fractions use a radix point, similar to decimal fractions, to separate integer and fractional parts.

34 / 80

In sound encoding, what is a "sample interval"?

A) The duration between two sound recordings

B) The distance between encoded points in binary

C) The time gap between successive amplitude measurements

D) The total length of the encoded audio

Explanation:

Sample intervals determine how often the sound's amplitude is recorded digitally.

Explanation:

Sample intervals determine how often the sound's amplitude is recorded digitally.

35 / 80

In which layer of the OSI model does the HTTP protocol operate?

A) Application layer

B) Transport layer

C) Network layer

D) Data link layer

Explanation:

HTTP operates at the application layer, enabling web browsers to retrieve data from web servers.

Explanation:

HTTP operates at the application layer, enabling web browsers to retrieve data from web servers.

36 / 80

What happens when a user enters a domain name in their browser?

A) The browser directly connects to the IP address.

B) The domain name is sent to a DNS resolver for translation into an IP address.

C) The browser sends the domain to the router for processing.

D) The system sends the request directly to the TLD server.

Explanation:

The DNS resolver translates domain names into IP addresses, enabling the browser to access the resource.

Explanation:

The DNS resolver translates domain names into IP addresses, enabling the browser to access the resource.

37 / 80

Which type of IP address can change each time a device connects to the network?

A) Static IP

B) Dynamic IP

C) Public IP

D) Private IP

Explanation:

Dynamic IP addresses are assigned by DHCP servers and can change with each connection.

Explanation:

Dynamic IP addresses are assigned by DHCP servers and can change with each connection.

38 / 80

What is the primary advantage of using NAT (Network Address Translation)?

A) Faster internet speeds

B) Increased security and efficient IP address usage

C) Simplified device management

D) Automatic IP address allocation

Explanation:

NAT allows multiple devices to share a single public IP address, enhancing security and conserving address space.

Explanation:

NAT allows multiple devices to share a single public IP address, enhancing security and conserving address space.

39 / 80

What does the HTTP status code 404 indicate?

A) The server is overloaded

B) The requested resource is not found

C) The server requires authentication

D) The request was successful

Explanation:

HTTP 404 indicates that the server cannot find the requested resource.

Explanation:

HTTP 404 indicates that the server cannot find the requested resource.

40 / 80

What is the primary function of a network switch?

A) To connect multiple networks

B) To forward data within a local network

C) To amplify wireless signals

D) To manage internet connections

Explanation:

A network switch operates at the data link layer to manage and forward data between devices in a LAN.

Explanation:

A network switch operates at the data link layer to manage and forward data between devices in a LAN.

41 / 80

What is the purpose of a radix point in binary fractions?

A) To store hexadecimal values

B) To separate integer and fractional parts

C) To indicate the start of a new byte

D) To increase processing speed

Explanation:

The radix point works similarly to the decimal point in base-10, distinguishing the integer and fractional parts.

Explanation:

The radix point works similarly to the decimal point in base-10, distinguishing the integer and fractional parts.

42 / 80

What is the purpose of a DNS resolver?

A) To store webpage contents for faster retrieval

B) To convert domain names into IP addresses

C) To manage network traffic

D) To encrypt user data

Explanation:

A DNS resolver handles the translation of domain names into their corresponding IP addresses.

Explanation:

A DNS resolver handles the translation of domain names into their corresponding IP addresses.

43 / 80

What is the purpose of the UDP protocol?

A) Secure data transfer

B) Reliable file transfer

C) Fast, connectionless data transmission

D) Routing of IP packets

Explanation:

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is used for applications requiring low latency but can tolerate some data loss, such as video streaming.

Explanation:

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is used for applications requiring low latency but can tolerate some data loss, such as video streaming.

44 / 80

Which top-level domain (TLD) is commonly used for commercial websites?

A) .org

B) .edu

C) .com

D) .gov

Explanation:

The .com TLD is widely used for commercial and business-related websites.

Explanation:

The .com TLD is widely used for commercial and business-related websites.

45 / 80

What is the purpose of a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)?

A) To encrypt data transmissions

B) To locate resources on the internet

C) To configure network settings

D) To assign IP addresses to devices

Explanation:

A URL specifies the location of resources and how to retrieve them over the internet.

Explanation:

A URL specifies the location of resources and how to retrieve them over the internet.

46 / 80

What is the limitation of ASCII codes for text representation?

A) Incompatibility with older systems

B) Limited to representing only 128 characters

C) Inability to encode binary data

D) Excessive memory consumption

Explanation:

ASCII's limitation lies in its capacity to represent only basic English characters and symbols.

Explanation:

ASCII's limitation lies in its capacity to represent only basic English characters and symbols.

47 / 80

How is color typically represented in a bitmap image?

A) Using ASCII codes

B) Through combinations of RGB values

C) By binary fractions

D) By hexadecimal fractions

Explanation:

Bitmap images use Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) values to encode colors.

Explanation:

Bitmap images use Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) values to encode colors.

48 / 80

What is a primary characteristic of a peer-to-peer (P2P) network?

A) Centralized management of resources

B) Equal responsibilities for all connected devices

C) High cost of implementation

D) Exclusive use in large enterprises

Explanation:

In P2P networks, each device can act as both a client and a server.

Explanation:

In P2P networks, each device can act as both a client and a server.

49 / 80

What is the purpose of the HTTPS protocol?

A) To speed up web page loading times

B) To encrypt data transfer over the internet

C) To dynamically assign IP addresses

D) To enable secure file sharing

Explanation:

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) ensures secure communication by encrypting the data exchanged between the user and the server.

Explanation:

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) ensures secure communication by encrypting the data exchanged between the user and the server.

50 / 80

What is the primary advantage of binary representation in computers?

A) Human readability

B) Simplified hardware design

C) Reduced memory usage

D) Higher data processing speed

Explanation:

Binary representation aligns with digital circuits, simplifying hardware implementation.

Explanation:

Binary representation aligns with digital circuits, simplifying hardware implementation.

51 / 80

Which network topology connects all devices to a central hub?

A) Mesh

B) Star

C) Ring

D) Bus

Explanation:

In a star topology, each device is connected to a central hub, which manages communication.

Explanation:

In a star topology, each device is connected to a central hub, which manages communication.

52 / 80

What protocol is commonly used for secure file transfer over the internet?

A) HTTP

B) SFTP

C) ICMP

D) SMTP

Explanation:

SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) ensures secure transfer of files over encrypted connections.

Explanation:

SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) ensures secure transfer of files over encrypted connections.

53 / 80

What is a key difference between SSDs and traditional hard drives?

A) SSDs use moving parts

B) SSDs are slower in data access

C) SSDs have higher durability and speed

D) SSDs rely on magnetic recording

Explanation:

SSDs have no moving parts, making them faster and more durable than traditional hard drives.

Explanation:

SSDs have no moving parts, making them faster and more durable than traditional hard drives.

54 / 80

In a wireless network, which standard is commonly used for home Wi-Fi?

A) 802.11

B) 802.3

C) 802.15

D) 802.16

Explanation:

The 802.11 standard defines wireless networking protocols, widely used in Wi-Fi setups.

Explanation:

The 802.11 standard defines wireless networking protocols, widely used in Wi-Fi setups.

55 / 80

How is sound amplitude represented digitally?

A) By using waveforms directly

B) Through sampling at regular intervals

C) Using ASCII encoding

D) By direct pixel mapping

Explanation:

Sound is digitized by sampling the amplitude of the waveform at consistent time intervals.

Explanation:

Sound is digitized by sampling the amplitude of the waveform at consistent time intervals.

56 / 80

Which component is considered the core of an operating system?

A) BIOS

B) Kernel

C) Shell

D) Driver

Explanation:

The kernel is the central part of an operating system that directly interacts with hardware and controls critical functions.

Explanation:

The kernel is the central part of an operating system that directly interacts with hardware and controls critical functions.

57 / 80

How does Unicode address the limitations of ASCII?

A) By using fewer bits per character

B) By providing a larger range of character encodings

C) By limiting compatibility to modern systems

D) By encoding only specific languages

Explanation:

Unicode allows encoding for multiple languages and special characters, unlike ASCII.

Explanation:

Unicode allows encoding for multiple languages and special characters, unlike ASCII.

58 / 80

What is the primary purpose of an IP address in a network?

A) To encrypt data packets

B) To uniquely identify devices on a network

C) To control internet bandwidth

D) To monitor data traffic

Explanation:

An IP address uniquely identifies each device, enabling communication within a network.

Explanation:

An IP address uniquely identifies each device, enabling communication within a network.

59 / 80

What is the primary goal of file management in an operating system?

A) Secure files from unauthorized access

B) Organize and manage file storage efficiently

C) Backup files to cloud storage

D) Compress large files for better storage

Explanation:

File management ensures proper organization and retrieval of files within the system.

Explanation:

File management ensures proper organization and retrieval of files within the system.

60 / 80

What does the top-level domain (TLD) ".edu" signify?

A) It is used for non-profit organizations

B) It is designated for educational institutions

C) It is restricted to government agencies

D) It indicates secure websites

Explanation:

The .edu TLD is reserved for accredited educational institutions.

Explanation:

The .edu TLD is reserved for accredited educational institutions.

61 / 80

What does FTP stand for?

A) File Transfer Protocol

B) Fast Transmission Protocol

C) File Translation Process

D) Forwarded Transfer Process

Explanation:

FTP is used for transferring files between computers over a network.

Explanation:

FTP is used for transferring files between computers over a network.

62 / 80

What is the maximum number of bits in an IPv4 address?

A) 16

B) 32

C) 64

D) 128

Explanation:

IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers divided into four octets.

Explanation:

IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers divided into four octets.

63 / 80

What is the primary purpose of a MAC address?

A) To provide a unique identifier for network interfaces

B) To encrypt transmitted data

C) To manage IP address assignments

D) To amplify signals on a network

Explanation:

A MAC (Media Access Control) address uniquely identifies a device on a network at the data link layer.

Explanation:

A MAC (Media Access Control) address uniquely identifies a device on a network at the data link layer.

64 / 80

What problem arises when using Unicode for numeric data representation?

A) Lack of compatibility with binary systems

B) Excessive use of memory

C) Limited encoding for numeric characters

D) Inability to represent fractions

Explanation:

Using Unicode for numeric values can be inefficient as it uses more memory than binary encoding.

Explanation:

Using Unicode for numeric values can be inefficient as it uses more memory than binary encoding.

65 / 80

What is the role of an IP address in a computer network?

A) To identify devices uniquely on a network

B) To encrypt transmitted data

C) To provide physical connectivity

D) To amplify signals

Explanation:

An IP address serves as a unique identifier for devices on a network, enabling communication.

Explanation:

An IP address serves as a unique identifier for devices on a network, enabling communication.

66 / 80

Which type of network is specifically designed for large geographic areas, such as a city or country?

A) LAN

B) MAN

C) WAN

D) PAN

Explanation:

Wide Area Networks (WANs) cover extensive geographical areas, often connecting multiple LANs.

Explanation:

Wide Area Networks (WANs) cover extensive geographical areas, often connecting multiple LANs.

67 / 80

In a multi-tasking operating system, what does the scheduler manage?

A) Memory allocation

B) Peripheral devices

C) Task execution order

D) Disk formatting

Explanation:

The scheduler determines which task gets CPU time, ensuring efficient multitasking.

Explanation:

The scheduler determines which task gets CPU time, ensuring efficient multitasking.

68 / 80

What is the function of device drivers in an operating system?

A) Protect hardware from viruses

B) Enable communication between hardware and software

C) Increase network speed

D) Format storage devices

Explanation:

Device drivers act as translators, allowing the operating system to interact with hardware components.

Explanation:

Device drivers act as translators, allowing the operating system to interact with hardware components.

69 / 80

What does DNS stand for in networking?

A) Domain Name System

B) Data Network Service

C) Digital Network Security

D) Device Name Synchronization

Explanation:

DNS translates human-readable domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses.

Explanation:

DNS translates human-readable domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses.

70 / 80

Which protocol is primarily responsible for IP address resolution to physical MAC addresses?

A) DNS

B) ARP

C) DHCP

D) ICMP

Explanation:

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) resolves IP addresses into physical MAC addresses within a local network.

Explanation:

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) resolves IP addresses into physical MAC addresses within a local network.

71 / 80

What does a repeater do in a computer network?

A) Encrypts transmitted data

B) Amplifies signals to extend network range

C) Assigns IP addresses dynamically

D) Resolves domain names into IP addresses

Explanation:

Repeaters regenerate and amplify network signals to prevent attenuation.

Explanation:

Repeaters regenerate and amplify network signals to prevent attenuation.

72 / 80

What is an alternative method for sound encoding besides amplitude sampling?

A) Frequency analysis

B) MIDI

C) Color mapping

D) Raster graphics

Explanation:

MIDI represents musical notes and instructions rather than direct amplitude data.

Explanation:

MIDI represents musical notes and instructions rather than direct amplitude data.

73 / 80

Which search operator converts decimal numbers into binary?

A) Binary:convert

B) Base Conversion

C) There is no specific operator for this

D) Math Functions in Google

Explanation:

Binary conversions are typically done programmatically or using online tools, not through a direct search operator.

Explanation:

Binary conversions are typically done programmatically or using online tools, not through a direct search operator.

74 / 80

What is the role of an ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)?

A) Resolving IP addresses to domain names

B) Resolving MAC addresses to IP addresses

C) Resolving IP addresses to MAC addresses

D) Routing data packets across networks

Explanation:

ARP is used to map an IP address to a physical MAC address within a local network.

Explanation:

ARP is used to map an IP address to a physical MAC address within a local network.

75 / 80

What does CIDR stand for in networking?

A) Computerized Internet Data Routing

B) Classless Inter-Domain Routing

C) Centralized Identification Routing

D) Coded IP Data Registry

Explanation:

CIDR allows more efficient allocation of IP addresses by eliminating traditional class-based addressing.

Explanation:

CIDR allows more efficient allocation of IP addresses by eliminating traditional class-based addressing.

76 / 80

What is the smallest unit of a digital image?

A) Pixel

B) Bit

C) Byte

D) Frame

Explanation:

A pixel is the smallest unit of a digital image, representing a single point of color.

Explanation:

A pixel is the smallest unit of a digital image, representing a single point of color.

77 / 80

What is a primary benefit of UTF-8 encoding?

A) It uses less memory than ASCII.

B) It is compatible with ASCII and supports all Unicode characters.

C) It is faster than Unicode.

D) It only encodes English characters.

Explanation:

UTF-8 retains compatibility with ASCII and accommodates all Unicode character sets.

Explanation:

UTF-8 retains compatibility with ASCII and accommodates all Unicode character sets.

78 / 80

What does the TCP protocol provide in networking?

A) Unreliable data transmission

B) Secure data encryption

C) Reliable data transfer with error checking

D) Hardware configuration for devices

Explanation:

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ensures reliable communication by confirming the delivery of data packets.

Explanation:

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ensures reliable communication by confirming the delivery of data packets.

79 / 80

What is the primary function of a domain name in the internet infrastructure?

A) To serve as an alias for IP addresses

B) To encrypt transmitted data

C) To assign dynamic IP addresses

D) To manage user credentials

Explanation:

Domain names provide a human-readable way to access websites instead of using numerical IP addresses.

Explanation:

Domain names provide a human-readable way to access websites instead of using numerical IP addresses.

80 / 80

What is the purpose of a bootloader?

A) To load the operating system into memory

B) To start applications automatically

C) To enhance graphical performance

D) To create backups of the OS

Explanation:

The bootloader initializes the system by loading the OS kernel during startup.

Explanation:

The bootloader initializes the system by loading the OS kernel during startup.

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/49

41 to 61 Modules

1 / 49

What type of operating system is designed for real-time applications?

A) Multitasking OS

B) Batch Processing OS

C) Real-Time OS

D) Distributed OS

Explanation:

Real-Time Operating Systems are specifically designed to process data and provide results within strict time constraints.

Explanation:

Real-Time Operating Systems are specifically designed to process data and provide results within strict time constraints.

2 / 49

What is the defining feature of a WAN?

A) High-speed connection

B) Large geographical coverage

C) Wireless connectivity only

D) Limited user access

Explanation:

WANs connect computers over long distances, often using leased telecommunications lines.

Explanation:

WANs connect computers over long distances, often using leased telecommunications lines.

3 / 49

What does the term “protocol” refer to in networking?

A) Physical devices in a network

B) Rules governing data communication

C) A specific network configuration

D) Types of network cables used

Explanation:

Protocols define standardized rules and procedures for data transmission in networks.

Explanation:

Protocols define standardized rules and procedures for data transmission in networks.

4 / 49

What is the function of the IP protocol in networking?

A) Routing and addressing packets across networks

B) Encrypting data transmissions

C) Controlling physical connections

D) Synchronizing network clocks

Explanation:

Internet Protocol (IP) manages packet routing and provides addressing for devices in a network.

Explanation:

Internet Protocol (IP) manages packet routing and provides addressing for devices in a network.

5 / 49

In the booting process, what ensures that all hardware components are functioning correctly?

A) Boot loader

B) POST (Power-On Self-Test)

C) Kernel

D) Process Scheduler

Explanation:

POST checks the functionality of hardware components during system startup before handing over control to the boot loader.

Explanation:

POST checks the functionality of hardware components during system startup before handing over control to the boot loader.

6 / 49

What is the primary method for detecting a deadlock?

A) Monitoring CPU usage

B) Checking resource allocation graphs for cycles

C) Testing disk read/write speed

D) Scheduling high-priority processes first

Explanation:

A cycle in a resource allocation graph indicates the presence of a deadlock.

Explanation:

A cycle in a resource allocation graph indicates the presence of a deadlock.

7 / 49

What is the difference between a binary semaphore and a counting semaphore?

A) Binary semaphore handles one process, counting semaphore handles multiple processes

B) Binary semaphore is for input/output, counting semaphore is for memory management

C) Binary semaphore is dynamic, counting semaphore is static

D) Binary semaphore ensures security, counting semaphore ensures privacy

Explanation:

Binary semaphores allow single resource access, while counting semaphores handle multiple resource instances.

Explanation:

Binary semaphores allow single resource access, while counting semaphores handle multiple resource instances.

8 / 49

Which component of an operating system is most likely targeted in a malware attack?

A) The kernel

B) User interface

C) Device drivers

D) File management system

Explanation:

The kernel is the core of the OS, and compromising it can allow attackers full control over the system.

Explanation:

The kernel is the core of the OS, and compromising it can allow attackers full control over the system.

9 / 49

What is the primary purpose of a file system in an operating system?

A) To manage memory allocation

B) To provide a structure for data storage and retrieval

C) To optimize CPU usage

D) To secure user accounts

Explanation:

File systems organize data in storage devices and enable efficient access and management of files.

Explanation:

File systems organize data in storage devices and enable efficient access and management of files.

10 / 49

In semaphore operations, what does the “signal” function do?

A) Decreases the semaphore value by one

B) Increases the semaphore value by one

C) Allocates new resources

D) Terminates all processes using the semaphore

Explanation:

The signal operation releases a resource by incrementing the semaphore value, allowing other processes to access it.

Explanation:

The signal operation releases a resource by incrementing the semaphore value, allowing other processes to access it.

11 / 49

What is the result of a process attempting to access a semaphore with a value of zero?

A) Process is terminated

B) Process waits until the semaphore value is incremented

C) Process bypasses the semaphore

D) Process creates a new semaphore

Explanation:

A semaphore with a value of zero indicates no resources are available, so processes must wait.

Explanation:

A semaphore with a value of zero indicates no resources are available, so processes must wait.

12 / 49

What does LAN stand for in networking?

A) Local Access Network

B) Local Area Network

C) Limited Access Network

D) Large Area Network

Explanation:

A LAN connects computers within a small geographical area like a home, school, or office.

Explanation:

A LAN connects computers within a small geographical area like a home, school, or office.

13 / 49

Which of the following is NOT a component of an operating system?

A) Kernel

B) File System

C) Browser Cache

D) Device Drivers

Explanation:

The browser cache is related to web browsers and is not a part of the operating system’s core components.

Explanation:

The browser cache is related to web browsers and is not a part of the operating system’s core components.

14 / 49

What role does the kernel play after the booting process is complete?

A) It controls hardware and manages system operations.

B) It initializes user applications.

C) It shuts down the BIOS.

D) It encrypts the file system.

Explanation:

The kernel is the core of the operating system, managing hardware and system-level operations.

Explanation:

The kernel is the core of the operating system, managing hardware and system-level operations.

15 / 49

Which type of malicious software replicates itself to spread to other systems?

A) Virus

B) Trojan

C) Worm

D) Spyware

Explanation:

Worms replicate themselves to spread across networks without requiring user intervention.

Explanation:

Worms replicate themselves to spread across networks without requiring user intervention.

16 / 49

What is mutual exclusion in process handling?

A) Allowing all processes to access resources at once

B) Ensuring only one process accesses a resource at a time

C) Scheduling high-priority processes first

D) Disabling access to all processes during execution

Explanation:

Mutual exclusion prevents conflicts by restricting access to critical sections to a single process at a time.

Explanation:

Mutual exclusion prevents conflicts by restricting access to critical sections to a single process at a time.

17 / 49

What is a deadlock in operating systems?

A) A condition where processes complete without waiting

B) A state where multiple processes wait indefinitely for resources held by others

C) A scenario where all processes execute simultaneously

D) A failure in resource allocation algorithms

Explanation:

Deadlock occurs when two or more processes are unable to proceed because they are waiting on each other for resource release.

Explanation:

Deadlock occurs when two or more processes are unable to proceed because they are waiting on each other for resource release.

18 / 49

Which classification of software includes compilers and debuggers?

A) Application Software

B) System Software

C) Development Tools

D) Middleware

Explanation:

Development tools, such as compilers and debuggers, assist programmers in creating software.

Explanation:

Development tools, such as compilers and debuggers, assist programmers in creating software.

19 / 49

What is the function of the process scheduler in an operating system?

A) Manage file storage

B) Allocate CPU time to processes

C) Handle user input

D) Monitor memory usage

Explanation:

The process scheduler determines which process gets CPU time based on priority or scheduling algorithms.

Explanation:

The process scheduler determines which process gets CPU time based on priority or scheduling algorithms.

20 / 49

Which technique can prevent deadlocks in a system?

A) Allowing circular waits

B) Implementing resource preemption

C) Using minimal mutual exclusion

D) Avoiding process synchronization

Explanation:

Preempting resources and ensuring they are available for other processes helps prevent deadlocks.

Explanation:

Preempting resources and ensuring they are available for other processes helps prevent deadlocks.

21 / 49

What distinguishes an “inside” security attack from an “outside” attack?

A) Inside attacks originate from within the organization, often by trusted personnel

B) Inside attacks target only the physical hardware

C) Inside attacks do not use system vulnerabilities

D) Inside attacks rely solely on phishing techniques

Explanation:

Inside attacks leverage insider knowledge and access to compromise security.

Explanation:

Inside attacks leverage insider knowledge and access to compromise security.

22 / 49

What is the difference between cold boot and warm boot?

A) Cold boot initializes from powered-off state, while warm boot restarts without powering off.

B) Cold boot is for laptops, warm boot is for desktops.

C) Cold boot uses BIOS, warm boot uses UEFI.

D) Cold boot loads the file system, warm boot skips it.

Explanation:

A cold boot refers to starting a computer from a completely powered-off state, whereas a warm boot restarts the system without turning off the power.

Explanation:

A cold boot refers to starting a computer from a completely powered-off state, whereas a warm boot restarts the system without turning off the power.

23 / 49

What is the difference between TCP and UDP?

A) TCP is connection-oriented; UDP is connectionless

B) UDP is faster than TCP but lacks reliability

C) TCP ensures data integrity, UDP does not

D) All of the above

Explanation:

TCP and UDP differ in reliability, connection mechanisms, and speed, making them suitable for different applications.

Explanation:

TCP and UDP differ in reliability, connection mechanisms, and speed, making them suitable for different applications.

24 / 49

What is the main role of device drivers in the operating system?

A) Execute user applications

B) Facilitate communication between hardware and the operating system

C) Manage file access permissions

D) Allocate memory to processes

Explanation:

Device drivers act as a bridge between hardware components and the OS, translating commands into hardware-specific instructions.

Explanation:

Device drivers act as a bridge between hardware components and the OS, translating commands into hardware-specific instructions.

25 / 49

What is the first step in the booting process of a computer?

A) Loading the kernel

B) Initializing the BIOS/UEFI

C) Executing the shell

D) Starting user applications

Explanation:

The boot process starts with the BIOS/UEFI initializing hardware and passing control to the boot loader.

Explanation:

The boot process starts with the BIOS/UEFI initializing hardware and passing control to the boot loader.

26 / 49

Which protocol is primarily used for email transmission over the Internet?

A) FTP

B) HTTP

C) SMTP

D) SNMP

Explanation:

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is used for sending and receiving emails.

Explanation:

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is used for sending and receiving emails.

27 / 49

What is the primary purpose of process administration in an operating system?

A) Manage file systems

B) Monitor and control process execution

C) Encrypt user data

D) Provide graphical user interfaces

Explanation:

Process administration ensures processes are executed in an organized and efficient manner by allocating resources and scheduling them effectively.

Explanation:

Process administration ensures processes are executed in an organized and efficient manner by allocating resources and scheduling them effectively.

28 / 49

Which of the following is a type of external security attack?

A) Phishing

B) Buffer Overflow

C) Malware Injection

D) All of the above

Explanation:

External attacks include methods like phishing, buffer overflow, and malware injection that originate outside the system.

Explanation:

External attacks include methods like phishing, buffer overflow, and malware injection that originate outside the system.

29 / 49

What does the term “handling competition between processes” refer to?

A) Terminating redundant processes

B) Ensuring efficient resource allocation among processes

C) Eliminating multitasking

D) Prioritizing high-priority users

Explanation:

The OS must manage competition for resources effectively to avoid deadlocks and ensure fairness.

Explanation:

The OS must manage competition for resources effectively to avoid deadlocks and ensure fairness.

30 / 49

Which component of an operating system is responsible for managing files?

A) Kernel

B) File System

C) Shell

D) Process Scheduler

Explanation:

The file system handles the organization, storage, retrieval, and manipulation of files on a storage device.

Explanation:

The file system handles the organization, storage, retrieval, and manipulation of files on a storage device.

31 / 49

Which component of an operating system directly interacts with the hardware?

A) Shell

B) Kernel

C) File System

D) Command Line Interface

Explanation:

The kernel is the core part of an operating system responsible for managing hardware and system resources.

Explanation:

The kernel is the core part of an operating system responsible for managing hardware and system resources.

32 / 49

What is a primary purpose of process administration in an operating system?

A) To enhance graphical performance

B) To manage system resources and process execution

C) To compile user programs

D) To handle external device input

Explanation:

Process administration ensures efficient allocation and management of CPU and other resources for running processes.

Explanation:

Process administration ensures efficient allocation and management of CPU and other resources for running processes.

33 / 49

What is the role of device drivers in an operating system?

A) To translate user commands into system calls

B) To allow the OS to communicate with hardware devices

C) To allocate CPU time to applications

D) To manage file systems

Explanation:

Device drivers act as intermediaries between the operating system and hardware devices, enabling control and communication.

Explanation:

Device drivers act as intermediaries between the operating system and hardware devices, enabling control and communication.

34 / 49

How do semaphores prevent race conditions?

A) By executing all processes simultaneously

B) By controlling process access to shared resources

C) By prioritizing low-priority processes

D) By eliminating multitasking

Explanation:

Semaphores ensure that only one process accesses a critical section at a time, preventing race conditions.

Explanation:

Semaphores ensure that only one process accesses a critical section at a time, preventing race conditions.

35 / 49

During the booting process, what is the primary role of the boot loader?

A) To display a graphical user interface

B) To load the operating system into memory

C) To execute user commands

D) To initialize the file system

Explanation:

The boot loader is a program responsible for loading the OS kernel and essential files into memory.

Explanation:

The boot loader is a program responsible for loading the OS kernel and essential files into memory.

36 / 49

Which system software is essential for booting a computer?

A) BIOS/UEFI

B) Text Editor

C) Command Line Interface

D) Task Scheduler

Explanation:

The BIOS or UEFI initializes hardware during boot-up and loads the operating system into memory.

Explanation:

The BIOS or UEFI initializes hardware during boot-up and loads the operating system into memory.

37 / 49

What is the primary function of the shell in an operating system?

A) To provide a user interface for interacting with the system

B) To allocate memory to processes

C) To manage hardware devices

D) To execute machine instructions

Explanation:

The shell acts as an interface between the user and the operating system, enabling command execution.

Explanation:

The shell acts as an interface between the user and the operating system, enabling command execution.

38 / 49

Which networking topology uses a central hub to connect devices?

A) Star topology

B) Ring topology

C) Mesh topology

D) Bus topology

Explanation:

In a star topology, devices are connected to a central hub that manages communication between them.

Explanation:

In a star topology, devices are connected to a central hub that manages communication between them.

39 / 49

What is the purpose of using firewalls against external security threats?

A) To manage user accounts

B) To monitor hardware performance

C) To block unauthorized access to the network

D) To execute multiple processes simultaneously

Explanation:

Firewalls filter incoming and outgoing traffic to secure the system from external threats.

Explanation:

Firewalls filter incoming and outgoing traffic to secure the system from external threats.

40 / 49

Which of the following is NOT a necessary condition for deadlock?

A) Mutual Exclusion

B) Circular Wait

C) Preemption

D) Hold and Wait

Explanation:

Preemption is not a condition for deadlock; it refers to interrupting a process to allocate resources.

Explanation:

Preemption is not a condition for deadlock; it refers to interrupting a process to allocate resources.

41 / 49

Which type of semaphore allows multiple processes to access a resource?

A) Binary Semaphore

B) Counting Semaphore

C) Recursive Semaphore

D) Virtual Semaphore

Explanation:

Counting semaphores manage access to resources that have a limited number of instances.

Explanation:

Counting semaphores manage access to resources that have a limited number of instances.

42 / 49

In software classification, what category does an operating system fall under?

A) Application Software

B) System Software

C) Middleware

D) Development Tools

Explanation:

Operating systems are a type of system software that manages hardware and software resources of a computer.

Explanation:

Operating systems are a type of system software that manages hardware and software resources of a computer.

43 / 49

What is a key advantage of combining networks?

A) Enhanced hardware performance

B) Better data sharing and communication

C) Reduced cost of hardware components

D) Elimination of software vulnerabilities

Explanation:

Combining networks improves resource sharing and enables efficient communication between users.

Explanation:

Combining networks improves resource sharing and enables efficient communication between users.

44 / 49

How are computer networks classified?

A) By the number of computers

B) By geographical span

C) By user applications

D) By operating systems used

Explanation:

Networks are commonly classified based on geographical coverage, such as LAN, MAN, and WAN.

Explanation:

Networks are commonly classified based on geographical coverage, such as LAN, MAN, and WAN.

45 / 49

What is a semaphore in the context of operating systems?

A) A file management system

B) A synchronization tool for process coordination

C) A type of hardware device

D) An encryption algorithm

Explanation:

Semaphores are used to manage resource sharing among processes by signaling availability and ensuring mutual exclusion.

Explanation:

Semaphores are used to manage resource sharing among processes by signaling availability and ensuring mutual exclusion.

46 / 49

What is the primary function of the HTTP protocol?

A) File transfer

B) Email communication

C) Web page requests and responses

D) Network security management

Explanation:

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) facilitates the transfer of web pages between a client and server.

Explanation:

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) facilitates the transfer of web pages between a client and server.

47 / 49

What is the main goal of a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack?

A) To infect systems with malware

B) To overload systems and make services unavailable

C) To gain unauthorized access to user data

D) To exploit system vulnerabilities for financial gain

Explanation:

DDoS attacks flood systems with excessive traffic, disrupting normal operations.

Explanation:

DDoS attacks flood systems with excessive traffic, disrupting normal operations.

48 / 49

Which problem arises when two or more processes need the same resource simultaneously?

A) Deadlock

B) Multitasking

C) Paging

D) Fragmentation

Explanation:

Deadlock occurs when processes are waiting for each other to release resources, creating a system halt.

Explanation:

Deadlock occurs when processes are waiting for each other to release resources, creating a system halt.

49 / 49

Which component is loaded into memory by the boot loader?

A) Kernel

B) Device drivers

C) User applications

D) BIOS

Explanation:

The boot loader loads the kernel into memory, enabling it to start managing system resources.

Explanation:

The boot loader loads the kernel into memory, enabling it to start managing system resources.

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/70

CS 101 62 to 81

1 / 70

What does the tag’s src attribute specify?

A) The resolution of the image

B) The source URL of the image file

C) The dimensions of the image

D) The format of the image

Explanation:

The src attribute in the tag defines the location of the image to be displayed in the browser.

Explanation:

The src attribute in the tag defines the location of the image to be displayed in the browser.

2 / 70

What happens when a mnemonic domain name is used to send a message?

A) The message is sent directly using the domain name

B) The name is translated into an IP address by a name server

C) The ISP provides direct communication between mnemonic names

D) A central database resolves all mnemonic addresses

Explanation:

The DNS uses name servers to translate mnemonic domain names into IP addresses, enabling message delivery.

Explanation:

The DNS uses name servers to translate mnemonic domain names into IP addresses, enabling message delivery.

3 / 70

What is inter-process communication?

A) Communication between different devices

B) Communication within a single computer only

C) Communication between processes to coordinate actions

D) A method for internet browsing

Explanation:

Inter-process communication (IPC) refers to the exchange of data between processes, either within the same computer or across a network, enabling them to coordinate actions.

Explanation:

Inter-process communication (IPC) refers to the exchange of data between processes, either within the same computer or across a network, enabling them to coordinate actions.

4 / 70

What is a domain in the context of Internet addressing?

A) A set of IP addresses in a single region

B) A mnemonic name registered to identify a region of the Internet

C) A physical server storing IP data

D) A subnet of IP addresses in a local area

Explanation:

Domains represent a logical region of the Internet and are often registered with descriptive mnemonic names.

Explanation:

Domains represent a logical region of the Internet and are often registered with descriptive mnemonic names.

5 / 70

Which attack type involves overwhelming a target with excessive messages to disrupt service?

A) Trojan horse

B) Denial of Service (DoS)

C) Phishing

D) Worm

Explanation:

A DoS attack floods a target with excessive requests, overwhelming its resources and disrupting normal operations.

Explanation:

A DoS attack floods a target with excessive requests, overwhelming its resources and disrupting normal operations.

6 / 70

Which organization is responsible for assigning blocks of IP addresses?

A) ISPs

B) ICANN

C) DNS

D) Registrars

Explanation:

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) coordinates and awards blocks of IP addresses.

Explanation:

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) coordinates and awards blocks of IP addresses.

7 / 70

In peer-to-peer networks, what term is used to describe the collection of participating peers?

A) Swarm

B) Cloud

C) Group

D) Cluster

Explanation:

In P2P networks, especially in file sharing, the term 'swarm' refers to the collective peers involved in distributing and receiving files.

Explanation:

In P2P networks, especially in file sharing, the term 'swarm' refers to the collective peers involved in distributing and receiving files.

8 / 70

Which statement is correct about communication models on the same network?

A) Only the client/server model can be used

B) P2P and client/server models can coexist on the same network

C) Models depend entirely on the type of network hardware used

D) Networks cannot support both models simultaneously

Explanation:

A process can use the client/server model for some tasks and the P2P model for others on the same network.

Explanation:

A process can use the client/server model for some tasks and the P2P model for others on the same network.

9 / 70

Why is the peer-to-peer model preferred for file sharing in some cases?

A) Centralized management improves speed

B) Distribution reduces the burden on a single server

C) It guarantees legal use of resources

D) Higher security due to server dependency

Explanation:

The P2P model is decentralized, distributing tasks among many peers, which reduces the load on a single server and increases efficiency.

Explanation:

The P2P model is decentralized, distributing tasks among many peers, which reduces the load on a single server and increases efficiency.

10 / 70

What is the primary use of the HTML tag?

A) To create hyperlinks

B) To display bold text

C) To insert an image

D) To define a table

Explanation:

The tag in HTML is used to make the enclosed text bold, improving its emphasis on the webpage.

Explanation:

The tag in HTML is used to make the enclosed text bold, improving its emphasis on the webpage.

11 / 70

Which of the following is a drawback of Skype’s VoIP system?

A) It requires specialized hardware

B) It lacks Internet integration

C) It is proprietary, limiting public knowledge of its operations

D) It does not support traditional telephone calls

Explanation:

Skype is a proprietary system, so users must trust its integrity without third-party verification.

Explanation:

Skype is a proprietary system, so users must trust its integrity without third-party verification.

12 / 70

Which of the following best describes client-side scripting?

A) Scripts executed on the server before sending to the browser

B) Scripts executed directly in the user's browser

C) Scripts used only for database access

D) Scripts designed for backend processes

Explanation:

Client-side scripts, like JavaScript, run within the browser to create dynamic and interactive webpage elements.

Explanation:

Client-side scripts, like JavaScript, run within the browser to create dynamic and interactive webpage elements.

13 / 70

What does the suffix “edu” in a domain name represent?

A) A commercial organization

B) A government agency

C) An educational institution

D) A nonprofit organization

Explanation:

Domain name suffixes, called top-level domains (TLDs), classify domains, such as "edu" for education.

Explanation:

Domain name suffixes, called top-level domains (TLDs), classify domains, such as "edu" for education.

14 / 70

What type of device is used in embedded VoIP phones?

A) Analog telephone adapters

B) Smartphones

C) Handsets connected to TCP/IP networks

D) Wireless routers

Explanation:

Embedded VoIP phones directly connect to TCP/IP networks and are often used by large organizations.

Explanation:

Embedded VoIP phones directly connect to TCP/IP networks and are often used by large organizations.

15 / 70

What does multimedia streaming typically involve?

A) Downloading files for later use

B) Real-time transport of audio and video

C) Using the FTP protocol for file sharing

D) Compressing data into email attachments

Explanation:

Streaming involves real-time delivery of audio and video over the Internet, a key feature of modern services like Netflix and YouTube.

Explanation:

Streaming involves real-time delivery of audio and video over the Internet, a key feature of modern services like Netflix and YouTube.

16 / 70

What happens when a user clicks on a highlighted word linked with anchor tags?

A) The browser displays an error

B) The browser retrieves and displays the linked page

C) The word changes its color permanently

D) The page reloads without any action

Explanation:

Clicking on a highlighted term linked with anchor tags directs the browser to fetch and display the associated webpage.

Explanation:

Clicking on a highlighted term linked with anchor tags directs the browser to fetch and display the associated webpage.

17 / 70

Which layer of Internet software is responsible for the physical transmission of data?

A) Application layer

B) Transport layer

C) Network layer

D) Link layer

Explanation:

The link layer manages the actual transmission of data over the physical medium, ensuring connectivity.

Explanation:

The link layer manages the actual transmission of data over the physical medium, ensuring connectivity.

18 / 70

What role does the print server play in the client/server model?

A) A client receiving print requests

B) A server sending print requests

C) A server receiving and processing print requests

D) A device controlling the network connection

Explanation:

In the client/server model, a print server is a central device or process responsible for receiving print jobs from clients and managing them.

Explanation:

In the client/server model, a print server is a central device or process responsible for receiving print jobs from clients and managing them.

19 / 70

What is the bit size of the newer IP addressing system being implemented?

A) 32 bits

B) 64 bits

C) 128 bits

D) 256 bits

Explanation:

The Internet is transitioning from 32-bit to 128-bit IP addresses to accommodate a larger number of devices.

Explanation:

The Internet is transitioning from 32-bit to 128-bit IP addresses to accommodate a larger number of devices.

20 / 70

Which organization is responsible for assigning blocks of IP addresses?

A) ISPs

B) ICANN

C) DNS

D) Registrars

Explanation:

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) coordinates and awards blocks of IP addresses.

Explanation:

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) coordinates and awards blocks of IP addresses.

21 / 70

Which technology uses multiple connected computers to handle tasks similar to a supercomputer?

A) Peer-to-peer

B) Cluster computing

C) Grid computing

D) File servers

Explanation:

Cluster computing connects multiple computers to work closely together, providing capabilities comparable to a larger machine.

Explanation:

Cluster computing connects multiple computers to work closely together, providing capabilities comparable to a larger machine.

22 / 70

What is a domain in the context of Internet addressing?

A) A set of IP addresses in a single region

B) A mnemonic name registered to identify a region of the Internet

C) A physical server storing IP data

D) A subnet of IP addresses in a local area

Explanation:

Domains represent a logical region of the Internet and are often registered with descriptive mnemonic names.

Explanation:

Domains represent a logical region of the Internet and are often registered with descriptive mnemonic names.

23 / 70

What is the primary communication model used in VoIP systems?

A) Client/Server

B) Peer-to-Peer (P2P)

C) Grid Computing

D) Blockchain

Explanation:

VoIP systems typically rely on the P2P model to transfer audio data between machines.

Explanation:

VoIP systems typically rely on the P2P model to transfer audio data between machines.

24 / 70

What does a forwarding table in the network layer do?

A) It encrypts packets for secure transmission

B) It determines the next step for a packet on its journey

C) It ensures data integrity during transmission

D) It manages user access permissions

Explanation:

Forwarding tables help the network layer decide the best route for a packet to reach its destination.

Explanation:

Forwarding tables help the network layer decide the best route for a packet to reach its destination.

25 / 70

What is the main purpose of assigning port numbers to Internet applications?

A) To enhance encryption for secure communication

B) To identify specific applications or services at the destination

C) To reduce the size of transmitted packets

D) To track user activity on the Internet

Explanation:

Port numbers ensure that incoming messages are directed to the correct application or service at the destination.

Explanation:

Port numbers ensure that incoming messages are directed to the correct application or service at the destination.

26 / 70

What is the purpose of dotted decimal notation in IP addresses?

A) To compress data

B) To make IP addresses easier for humans to understand

C) To encode binary data for network transmission

D) To convert IP addresses into domain names

Explanation:

Dotted decimal notation simplifies binary bit patterns into readable integers separated by periods.

Explanation:

Dotted decimal notation simplifies binary bit patterns into readable integers separated by periods.

27 / 70

Which tag is used to include an image in an HTML webpage?

A) <img>

B) <image>

C) <picture>

D) <src>

Explanation:

The tag is used to include images in a webpage. The src attribute specifies the location of the image file.

Explanation:

The tag is used to include images in a webpage. The src attribute specifies the location of the image file.

28 / 70

Which HTML tag is required to make a webpage interactive with clickable links?

A) <link>

B) <a>

C) <div>

D) <p>

Explanation:

The tag is used to create hyperlinks, making webpages interactive and navigable.

Explanation:

The tag is used to create hyperlinks, making webpages interactive and navigable.

29 / 70

What does a URL represent in a webpage?

A) A hypertext reference to another page

B) The main heading of a webpage

C) The HTML source code of a webpage

D) A tag used for images

Explanation:

A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) serves as a reference to resources on the Internet, such as webpages or files.

Explanation:

A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) serves as a reference to resources on the Internet, such as webpages or files.

30 / 70

What is the key difference between the client/server and peer-to-peer (P2P) models?

A) P2P uses servers continuously, while client/server does not

B) P2P allows processes to provide and receive services from each other

C) Client/server networks do not involve communication between processes

D) P2P is hierarchical while client/server is flat

Explanation:

The P2P model enables processes to act as both service providers and receivers, unlike the client/server model, which has distinct roles for clients and servers.

Explanation:

The P2P model enables processes to act as both service providers and receivers, unlike the client/server model, which has distinct roles for clients and servers.

31 / 70

What is the primary purpose of IP addresses on the Internet?

A) To assign a physical location to a machine

B) To uniquely identify each computer on the Internet

C) To serve as a domain name for users

D) To manage email exchanges

Explanation:

IP addresses are designed to uniquely identify machines within the Internet infrastructure.

Explanation:

IP addresses are designed to uniquely identify machines within the Internet infrastructure.

32 / 70

How does the “Try it Yourself” feature on W3Schools benefit users?

A) Provides a preview of server-side operations

B) Offers real-time coding and output demonstrations

C) Shows examples of HTTP request flows

D) Teaches advanced programming techniques

Explanation:

The "Try it Yourself" feature allows users to write and execute HTML code, seeing both the source and output simultaneously.

Explanation:

The "Try it Yourself" feature allows users to write and execute HTML code, seeing both the source and output simultaneously.

33 / 70

Which type of TLD is "au" in the domain name example?

A) Generic TLD

B) Government TLD

C) Educational TLD

D) Country-code TLD

Explanation:

Country-code TLDs are two-letter suffixes, such as "au" for Australia and "ca" for Canada.

Explanation:

Country-code TLDs are two-letter suffixes, such as "au" for Australia and "ca" for Canada.

34 / 70

What is the role of the network layer in the Internet software hierarchy?

A) Provides end-to-end message reliability

B) Directs packets to their destination using forwarding and routing tables

C) Handles user authentication

D) Manages port numbers

Explanation:

The network layer uses routing and forwarding tables to determine the best path for packets to reach their destination.

Explanation:

The network layer uses routing and forwarding tables to determine the best path for packets to reach their destination.

35 / 70

How are subdomains represented within a domain name?

A) By adding prefixes separated by periods

B) By appending numerical codes

C) By changing the TLD suffix

D) By adding new characters to the IP address

Explanation:

Subdomains are created by extending domain names to the left with descriptive prefixes.

Explanation:

Subdomains are created by extending domain names to the left with descriptive prefixes.

36 / 70

What is the role of the domain name system (DNS)?

A) To assign IP addresses

B) To convert domain names into IP addresses

C) To allocate domain names to registrars

D) To regulate domain naming conventions

Explanation:

DNS facilitates translation between human-readable domain names and machine-usable IP addresses through DNS lookups.

Explanation:

DNS facilitates translation between human-readable domain names and machine-usable IP addresses through DNS lookups.

37 / 70

What does the transport layer in the Internet software hierarchy do?

A) Handles the physical transmission of data

B) Ensures messages are properly segmented and reassembled

C) Routes packets to their destinations

D) Creates the user interface for applications

Explanation:

The transport layer divides messages into smaller packets for transmission and reassembles them at the destination.

Explanation:

The transport layer divides messages into smaller packets for transmission and reassembles them at the destination.

38 / 70

How can an image be displayed at the bottom of a webpage?

A) Place the <img> tag after the <body> tag

B) Place the <img> tag before the <html> tag

C) Place the <img> tag just before the closing </body> tag

D) Add the align-bottom attribute to the <img> tag

Explanation:

The placement of the tag in the HTML document determines where the image appears on the page.

Explanation:

The placement of the tag in the HTML document determines where the image appears on the page.

39 / 70

What is the primary difference between TCP and UDP?

A) TCP is connectionless, while UDP is connection-oriented

B) TCP is slower but reliable, while UDP is faster but less reliable

C) TCP is used for DNS lookups, while UDP is used for file transfers

D) UDP can only be used with IPv6

Explanation:

TCP establishes a connection and ensures reliable data transfer, whereas UDP is faster but does not guarantee delivery.

Explanation:

TCP establishes a connection and ensures reliable data transfer, whereas UDP is faster but does not guarantee delivery.

40 / 70

What is a Trojan horse in the context of Internet security?

A) A self-replicating malware

B) A fake program that hides malicious activities

C) A method of encrypting messages

D) A virus that spreads via network vulnerabilities

Explanation:

A Trojan horse disguises itself as legitimate software to trick users into executing harmful actions.

Explanation:

A Trojan horse disguises itself as legitimate software to trick users into executing harmful actions.

41 / 70

Which protocol is best suited for applications requiring speed over reliability?

A) TCP

B) FTP

C) UDP

D) HTTP

Explanation:

UDP is faster because it does not establish connections or guarantee delivery, making it suitable for applications like VoIP and DNS.

Explanation:

UDP is faster because it does not establish connections or guarantee delivery, making it suitable for applications like VoIP and DNS.

42 / 70

What are semantic tags in XML used for?

A) To specify text formatting

B) To emphasize the structure and meaning of data

C) To design webpages visually

D) To add multimedia files to webpages

Explanation:

Semantic tags in XML, such as , enable precise data categorization for enhanced searchability and data management.

Explanation:

Semantic tags in XML, such as , enable precise data categorization for enhanced searchability and data management.

43 / 70

What is meant by a 'hot spot' in networking terms?

A) A central server for P2P

B) A region with WiFi connectivity provided by an access point

C) A place where peer-to-peer processes congregate

D) A malfunctioning network node

Explanation:

A hot spot is an area within the broadcast range of a wireless access point (AP), providing network connectivity.

Explanation:

A hot spot is an area within the broadcast range of a wireless access point (AP), providing network connectivity.

44 / 70

What does the suffix “edu” in a domain name represent?

A) A commercial organization

B) A government agency

C) An educational institution

D) A nonprofit organization

Explanation:

Domain name suffixes, called top-level domains (TLDs), classify domains, such as "edu" for education.

Explanation:

Domain name suffixes, called top-level domains (TLDs), classify domains, such as "edu" for education.

45 / 70

What is the correct syntax for adding a hyperlink in HTML?

A) <a link="http://example.com">Click here</a>

B) <a href="http://example.com">Click here</a>

C) <link href="http://example.com">Click here</link>

D) <url="http://example.com">Click here</url>

Explanation:

The href attribute in the opening tag specifies the URL that the hyperlink points to.

Explanation:

The href attribute in the opening tag specifies the URL that the hyperlink points to.

46 / 70

What is the primary purpose of IP addresses on the Internet?

A) To assign a physical location to a machine

B) To uniquely identify each computer on the Internet

C) To serve as a domain name for users

D) To manage email exchanges

Explanation:

IP addresses are designed to uniquely identify machines within the Internet infrastructure.

Explanation:

IP addresses are designed to uniquely identify machines within the Internet infrastructure.

47 / 70

What does VoIP stand for?

A) Virtual Organization Internet Protocol

B) Voice over Internet Protocol

C) Video Optimization Internet Protocol

D) Virtual Overlapping Internet Programs

Explanation:

VoIP uses the Internet infrastructure to provide voice communication, functioning similarly to traditional telephone systems.

Explanation:

VoIP uses the Internet infrastructure to provide voice communication, functioning similarly to traditional telephone systems.

48 / 70

What are anchor tags in HTML used for?

A) To define the layout of a page

B) To link one webpage to another

C) To format text in bold

D) To insert images into a webpage

Explanation:

Anchor tags are used to create hyperlinks in HTML, allowing users to navigate between webpages.

Explanation:

Anchor tags are used to create hyperlinks in HTML, allowing users to navigate between webpages.

49 / 70

How does the layered Internet software model work?

A) It sends data directly from the application layer to the destination

B) It passes messages through multiple layers, from application to link

C) It compresses all layers into one for efficiency

D) It only uses the application layer for message transmission

Explanation:

Internet communication involves the application, transport, network, and link layers, with each layer playing a specific role in data transmission.

Explanation:

Internet communication involves the application, transport, network, and link layers, with each layer playing a specific role in data transmission.

50 / 70

Who is credited with developing the World Wide Web?

A) Bill Gates

B) Steve Jobs

C) Tim Berners-Lee

D) Alan Turing

Explanation:

Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web in December 1990, using the concept of hypertext to link documents.

Explanation:

Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web in December 1990, using the concept of hypertext to link documents.

51 / 70

What does XML stand for?

A) eXtensible Markup Language

B) Extended Multimedia Layer

C) Extra Mathematical Language

D) eXperimental Media Link

Explanation:

XML is a standardized language for creating custom markup systems to represent structured data.

Explanation:

XML is a standardized language for creating custom markup systems to represent structured data.

52 / 70

How are subdomains represented within a domain name?

A) By adding prefixes separated by periods

B) By appending numerical codes

C) By changing the TLD suffix

D) By adding new characters to the IP address

Explanation:

Subdomains are created by extending domain names to the left with descriptive prefixes.

Explanation:

Subdomains are created by extending domain names to the left with descriptive prefixes.

53 / 70

Which protocol is used by web browsers to transfer hypertext documents?

A) FTP

B) SMTP

C) HTTP

D) NNTP

Explanation:

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the foundation for transferring web pages and linked resources across the Web.

Explanation:

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the foundation for transferring web pages and linked resources across the Web.

54 / 70

What is the purpose of the href attribute in an anchor tag?

A) It specifies the URL of the linked page

B) It specifies the position of text on the page

C) It defines the font size of the link

D) It links an image to the webpage

Explanation:

The href attribute in an anchor tag specifies the hypertext reference, i.e., the URL of the page to be linked.

Explanation:

The href attribute in an anchor tag specifies the hypertext reference, i.e., the URL of the page to be linked.

55 / 70

What happens when a mnemonic domain name is used to send a message?

A) The message is sent directly using the domain name

B) The name is translated into an IP address by a name server

C) The ISP provides direct communication between mnemonic names

D) A central database resolves all mnemonic addresses

Explanation:

The DNS uses name servers to translate mnemonic domain names into IP addresses, enabling message delivery.

Explanation:

The DNS uses name servers to translate mnemonic domain names into IP addresses, enabling message delivery.

56 / 70

What is the bit size of the newer IP addressing system being implemented?

A) 32 bits

B) 64 bits

C) 128 bits

D) 256 bits

Explanation:

The Internet is transitioning from 32-bit to 128-bit IP addresses to accommodate a larger number of devices.

Explanation:

The Internet is transitioning from 32-bit to 128-bit IP addresses to accommodate a larger number of devices.

57 / 70

What does the link layer in the Internet software hierarchy handle?

A) Packet transmission over the physical medium

B) Encrypting and decrypting messages

C) Assigning IP addresses to packets

D) User input processing

Explanation:

The link layer deals with the actual transmission of data over network hardware like Ethernet or WiFi.

Explanation:

The link layer deals with the actual transmission of data over network hardware like Ethernet or WiFi.

58 / 70

What does the src attribute in the tag represent?

A) The resolution of the image

B) The source of the image file

C) The size of the image

D) The format of the image

Explanation:

The src attribute tells the browser the location of the image file to be displayed on the webpage.

Explanation:

The src attribute tells the browser the location of the image file to be displayed on the webpage.

59 / 70

How does 4G technology improve VoIP functionality?

A) By increasing the need for analog adapters

B) By using an entirely IP-based network

C) By eliminating the need for Internet connections

D) By relying on traditional telephone networks

Explanation:

4G networks are fully IP-based, enabling smartphones to function as broadband-connected hosts.

Explanation:

4G networks are fully IP-based, enabling smartphones to function as broadband-connected hosts.

60 / 70

Which of the following is true about XHTML?

A) It replaces HTML completely

B) It is HTML written to conform to XML standards

C) It removes the need for CSS in webpages

D) It is used exclusively for multimedia encoding

Explanation:

XHTML ensures strict adherence to XML rules while maintaining HTML's functionality for web content creation.

Explanation:

XHTML ensures strict adherence to XML rules while maintaining HTML's functionality for web content creation.

61 / 70

Why did the World Wide Web become dominant by the mid-1990s?

A) It replaced multimedia formats entirely

B) It began to support images, audio, and video

C) Governments mandated its usage

D) It was exclusively available to scientists

Explanation:

The Web's ability to handle multimedia data made it the dominant application for Internet growth.

Explanation:

The Web's ability to handle multimedia data made it the dominant application for Internet growth.

62 / 70

What is the role of the domain name system (DNS)?

A) To assign IP addresses

B) To convert domain names into IP addresses

C) To allocate domain names to registrars

D) To regulate domain naming conventions

Explanation:

DNS facilitates translation between human-readable domain names and machine-usable IP addresses through DNS lookups.

Explanation:

DNS facilitates translation between human-readable domain names and machine-usable IP addresses through DNS lookups.

63 / 70

What is the purpose of dotted decimal notation in IP addresses?

A) To compress data

B) To make IP addresses easier for humans to understand

C) To encode binary data for network transmission

D) To convert IP addresses into domain names

Explanation:

Dotted decimal notation simplifies binary bit patterns into readable integers separated by periods.

Explanation:

Dotted decimal notation simplifies binary bit patterns into readable integers separated by periods.

64 / 70

What is the purpose of XML compared to HTML?

A) XML focuses on presentation, while HTML emphasizes semantics

B) XML defines data structure, while HTML focuses on appearance

C) XML replaces all functionalities of HTML

D) XML is used only for server-side scripting

Explanation:

XML is used to represent data with semantic meaning, whereas HTML primarily defines the visual structure of webpages.

Explanation:

XML is used to represent data with semantic meaning, whereas HTML primarily defines the visual structure of webpages.

65 / 70

What is one drawback of the P2P model in legal contexts?

A) Its centralized nature simplifies lawsuits

B) It makes it harder to enforce copyright laws

C) Servers are easier to track in P2P

D) It cannot handle file distribution efficiently

Explanation:

P2P networks lack a centralized server, making it challenging to enforce copyright laws due to the decentralized distribution.

Explanation:

P2P networks lack a centralized server, making it challenging to enforce copyright laws due to the decentralized distribution.

66 / 70

Which of the following best describes the client/server model?

A) A model where each device operates independently

B) A model where one process requests services and another provides them

C) A peer-to-peer network for temporary communication

D) A hierarchical communication model

Explanation:

The client/server model involves a client making requests and a server fulfilling these requests, as seen in applications like print servers and file servers.

Explanation:

The client/server model involves a client making requests and a server fulfilling these requests, as seen in applications like print servers and file servers.

67 / 70

Where is the best place to position the tag for an image to appear at the top of the webpage?

A) Inside the <head> tag

B) Immediately after the <body> tag

C) Before the closing </html> tag

D) After the closing </body> tag

Explanation:

Placing the tag right after the opening tag displays the image at the beginning of the document.

Explanation:

Placing the tag right after the opening tag displays the image at the beginning of the document.

68 / 70

Which type of TLD is "au" in the domain name example?

A) Generic TLD

B) Government TLD

C) Educational TLD

D) Country-code TLD

Explanation:

Country-code TLDs are two-letter suffixes, such as "au" for Australia and "ca" for Canada.

Explanation:

Country-code TLDs are two-letter suffixes, such as "au" for Australia and "ca" for Canada.

69 / 70

What is hypertext in the context of the World Wide Web?

A) Text written in multiple languages

B) A method for embedding links to other documents

C) An encryption protocol for secure communication

D) A way to compress multimedia files

Explanation:

Hypertext is the foundation of the Web, allowing users to navigate between documents using hyperlinks.

Explanation:

Hypertext is the foundation of the Web, allowing users to navigate between documents using hyperlinks.

70 / 70

What does the term "hop count" in packet forwarding refer to?

A) The total size of a packet in bytes

B) The time required for a packet to reach its destination

C) The number of routers a packet passes through

D) The bandwidth used by a packet

Explanation:

Hop count limits how many routers a packet can pass through before being discarded to prevent endless looping.

Explanation:

Hop count limits how many routers a packet can pass through before being discarded to prevent endless looping.

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/70

CS 101 62 to 81

1 / 70
Why did the World Wide Web become dominant by the mid-1990s?
A) It replaced multimedia formats entirely
B) It began to support images, audio, and video
C) Governments mandated its usage
D) It was exclusively available to scientists

Explanation:
The Web's ability to handle multimedia data made it the dominant application for Internet growth.
Explanation:
The Web's ability to handle multimedia data made it the dominant application for Internet growth.
2 / 70
What is a domain in the context of Internet addressing?
A) A set of IP addresses in a single region
B) A mnemonic name registered to identify a region of the Internet
C) A physical server storing IP data
D) A subnet of IP addresses in a local area

Explanation:
Domains represent a logical region of the Internet and are often registered with descriptive mnemonic names.
Explanation:
Domains represent a logical region of the Internet and are often registered with descriptive mnemonic names.
3 / 70
Which technology uses multiple connected computers to handle tasks similar to a supercomputer?
A) Peer-to-peer
B) Cluster computing
C) Grid computing
D) File servers

Explanation:
Cluster computing connects multiple computers to work closely together, providing capabilities comparable to a larger machine.
Explanation:
Cluster computing connects multiple computers to work closely together, providing capabilities comparable to a larger machine.
4 / 70
What is meant by a 'hot spot' in networking terms?
A) A central server for P2P
B) A region with WiFi connectivity provided by an access point
C) A place where peer-to-peer processes congregate
D) A malfunctioning network node

Explanation:
A hot spot is an area within the broadcast range of a wireless access point (AP), providing network connectivity.
Explanation:
A hot spot is an area within the broadcast range of a wireless access point (AP), providing network connectivity.
5 / 70
What does the suffix “edu” in a domain name represent?
A) A commercial organization
B) A government agency
C) An educational institution
D) A nonprofit organization

Explanation:
Domain name suffixes, called top-level domains (TLDs), classify domains, such as "edu" for education.
Explanation:
Domain name suffixes, called top-level domains (TLDs), classify domains, such as "edu" for education.
6 / 70
Which protocol is used by web browsers to transfer hypertext documents?
A) FTP
B) SMTP
C) HTTP
D) NNTP

Explanation:
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the foundation for transferring web pages and linked resources across the Web.
Explanation:
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the foundation for transferring web pages and linked resources across the Web.
7 / 70
What does the transport layer in the Internet software hierarchy do?
A) Handles the physical transmission of data
B) Ensures messages are properly segmented and reassembled
C) Routes packets to their destinations
D) Creates the user interface for applications

Explanation:
The transport layer divides messages into smaller packets for transmission and reassembles them at the destination.
Explanation:
The transport layer divides messages into smaller packets for transmission and reassembles them at the destination.
8 / 70
What role does the print server play in the client/server model?
A) A client receiving print requests
B) A server sending print requests
C) A server receiving and processing print requests
D) A device controlling the network connection

Explanation:
In the client/server model, a print server is a central device or process responsible for receiving print jobs from clients and managing them.
Explanation:
In the client/server model, a print server is a central device or process responsible for receiving print jobs from clients and managing them.
9 / 70
Which type of TLD is "au" in the domain name example?
A) Generic TLD
B) Government TLD
C) Educational TLD
D) Country-code TLD

Explanation:
Country-code TLDs are two-letter suffixes, such as "au" for Australia and "ca" for Canada.
Explanation:
Country-code TLDs are two-letter suffixes, such as "au" for Australia and "ca" for Canada.
10 / 70
How does the “Try it Yourself” feature on W3Schools benefit users?
A) Provides a preview of server-side operations
B) Offers real-time coding and output demonstrations
C) Shows examples of HTTP request flows
D) Teaches advanced programming techniques

Explanation:
The "Try it Yourself" feature allows users to write and execute HTML code, seeing both the source and output simultaneously.
Explanation:
The "Try it Yourself" feature allows users to write and execute HTML code, seeing both the source and output simultaneously.
11 / 70
What does VoIP stand for?
A) Virtual Organization Internet Protocol
B) Voice over Internet Protocol
C) Video Optimization Internet Protocol
D) Virtual Overlapping Internet Programs

Explanation:
VoIP uses the Internet infrastructure to provide voice communication, functioning similarly to traditional telephone systems.
Explanation:
VoIP uses the Internet infrastructure to provide voice communication, functioning similarly to traditional telephone systems.
12 / 70
Which organization is responsible for assigning blocks of IP addresses?
A) ISPs
B) ICANN
C) DNS
D) Registrars

Explanation:
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) coordinates and awards blocks of IP addresses.
Explanation:
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) coordinates and awards blocks of IP addresses.
13 / 70
What happens when a mnemonic domain name is used to send a message?
A) The message is sent directly using the domain name
B) The name is translated into an IP address by a name server
C) The ISP provides direct communication between mnemonic names
D) A central database resolves all mnemonic addresses

Explanation:
The DNS uses name servers to translate mnemonic domain names into IP addresses, enabling message delivery.
Explanation:
The DNS uses name servers to translate mnemonic domain names into IP addresses, enabling message delivery.
14 / 70
What is the purpose of dotted decimal notation in IP addresses?
A) To compress data
B) To make IP addresses easier for humans to understand
C) To encode binary data for network transmission
D) To convert IP addresses into domain names

Explanation:
Dotted decimal notation simplifies binary bit patterns into readable integers separated by periods.
Explanation:
Dotted decimal notation simplifies binary bit patterns into readable integers separated by periods.
15 / 70
What is the purpose of the href attribute in an anchor tag?
A) It specifies the URL of the linked page
B) It specifies the position of text on the page
C) It defines the font size of the link
D) It links an image to the webpage

Explanation:
The href attribute in an anchor tag specifies the hypertext reference, i.e., the URL of the page to be linked.
Explanation:
The href attribute in an anchor tag specifies the hypertext reference, i.e., the URL of the page to be linked.
16 / 70
Where is the best place to position the tag for an image to appear at the top of the webpage?
A) Inside the <head> tag
B) Immediately after the <body> tag
C) Before the closing </html> tag
D) After the closing </body> tag

Explanation:
Placing the tag right after the opening tag displays the image at the beginning of the document.
Explanation:
Placing the tag right after the opening tag displays the image at the beginning of the document.
17 / 70
Why is the peer-to-peer model preferred for file sharing in some cases?
A) Centralized management improves speed
B) Distribution reduces the burden on a single server
C) It guarantees legal use of resources
D) Higher security due to server dependency

Explanation:
The P2P model is decentralized, distributing tasks among many peers, which reduces the load on a single server and increases efficiency.
Explanation:
The P2P model is decentralized, distributing tasks among many peers, which reduces the load on a single server and increases efficiency.
18 / 70
Which protocol is best suited for applications requiring speed over reliability?
A) TCP
B) FTP
C) UDP
D) HTTP

Explanation:
UDP is faster because it does not establish connections or guarantee delivery, making it suitable for applications like VoIP and DNS.
Explanation:
UDP is faster because it does not establish connections or guarantee delivery, making it suitable for applications like VoIP and DNS.
19 / 70
What is the primary purpose of IP addresses on the Internet?
A) To assign a physical location to a machine
B) To uniquely identify each computer on the Internet
C) To serve as a domain name for users
D) To manage email exchanges

Explanation:
IP addresses are designed to uniquely identify machines within the Internet infrastructure.
Explanation:
IP addresses are designed to uniquely identify machines within the Internet infrastructure.
20 / 70
What does the src attribute in the tag represent?
A) The resolution of the image
B) The source of the image file
C) The size of the image
D) The format of the image

Explanation:
The src attribute tells the browser the location of the image file to be displayed on the webpage.
Explanation:
The src attribute tells the browser the location of the image file to be displayed on the webpage.
21 / 70
What is the primary difference between TCP and UDP?
A) TCP is connectionless, while UDP is connection-oriented
B) TCP is slower but reliable, while UDP is faster but less reliable
C) TCP is used for DNS lookups, while UDP is used for file transfers
D) UDP can only be used with IPv6

Explanation:
TCP establishes a connection and ensures reliable data transfer, whereas UDP is faster but does not guarantee delivery.
Explanation:
TCP establishes a connection and ensures reliable data transfer, whereas UDP is faster but does not guarantee delivery.
22 / 70
What is the key difference between the client/server and peer-to-peer (P2P) models?
A) P2P uses servers continuously, while client/server does not
B) P2P allows processes to provide and receive services from each other
C) Client/server networks do not involve communication between processes
D) P2P is hierarchical while client/server is flat

Explanation:
The P2P model enables processes to act as both service providers and receivers, unlike the client/server model, which has distinct roles for clients and servers.
Explanation:
The P2P model enables processes to act as both service providers and receivers, unlike the client/server model, which has distinct roles for clients and servers.
23 / 70
How can an image be displayed at the bottom of a webpage?
A) Place the <img> tag after the <body> tag
B) Place the <img> tag before the <html> tag
C) Place the <img> tag just before the closing </body> tag
D) Add the align-bottom attribute to the <img> tag

Explanation:
The placement of the tag in the HTML document determines where the image appears on the page.
Explanation:
The placement of the tag in the HTML document determines where the image appears on the page.
24 / 70
What is the role of the domain name system (DNS)?
A) To assign IP addresses
B) To convert domain names into IP addresses
C) To allocate domain names to registrars
D) To regulate domain naming conventions

Explanation:
DNS facilitates translation between human-readable domain names and machine-usable IP addresses through DNS lookups.
Explanation:
DNS facilitates translation between human-readable domain names and machine-usable IP addresses through DNS lookups.
25 / 70
What does multimedia streaming typically involve?
A) Downloading files for later use
B) Real-time transport of audio and video
C) Using the FTP protocol for file sharing
D) Compressing data into email attachments

Explanation:
Streaming involves real-time delivery of audio and video over the Internet, a key feature of modern services like Netflix and YouTube.
Explanation:
Streaming involves real-time delivery of audio and video over the Internet, a key feature of modern services like Netflix and YouTube.
26 / 70
What does the tag’s src attribute specify?
A) The resolution of the image
B) The source URL of the image file
C) The dimensions of the image
D) The format of the image

Explanation:
The src attribute in the tag defines the location of the image to be displayed in the browser.
Explanation:
The src attribute in the tag defines the location of the image to be displayed in the browser.
27 / 70
Which attack type involves overwhelming a target with excessive messages to disrupt service?
A) Trojan horse
B) Denial of Service (DoS)
C) Phishing
D) Worm

Explanation:
A DoS attack floods a target with excessive requests, overwhelming its resources and disrupting normal operations.
Explanation:
A DoS attack floods a target with excessive requests, overwhelming its resources and disrupting normal operations.
28 / 70
Which of the following is true about XHTML?
A) It replaces HTML completely
B) It is HTML written to conform to XML standards
C) It removes the need for CSS in webpages
D) It is used exclusively for multimedia encoding

Explanation:
XHTML ensures strict adherence to XML rules while maintaining HTML's functionality for web content creation.
Explanation:
XHTML ensures strict adherence to XML rules while maintaining HTML's functionality for web content creation.
29 / 70
What are anchor tags in HTML used for?
A) To define the layout of a page
B) To link one webpage to another
C) To format text in bold
D) To insert images into a webpage

Explanation:
Anchor tags are used to create hyperlinks in HTML, allowing users to navigate between webpages.
Explanation:
Anchor tags are used to create hyperlinks in HTML, allowing users to navigate between webpages.
30 / 70
What does a forwarding table in the network layer do?
A) It encrypts packets for secure transmission
B) It determines the next step for a packet on its journey
C) It ensures data integrity during transmission
D) It manages user access permissions

Explanation:
Forwarding tables help the network layer decide the best route for a packet to reach its destination.
Explanation:
Forwarding tables help the network layer decide the best route for a packet to reach its destination.
31 / 70
Who is credited with developing the World Wide Web?
A) Bill Gates
B) Steve Jobs
C) Tim Berners-Lee
D) Alan Turing

Explanation:
Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web in December 1990, using the concept of hypertext to link documents.
Explanation:
Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web in December 1990, using the concept of hypertext to link documents.
32 / 70
What is the correct syntax for adding a hyperlink in HTML?
A) <a link="http://example.com">Click here</a>
B) <a href="http://example.com">Click here</a>
C) <link href="http://example.com">Click here</link>
D) <url="http://example.com">Click here</url>

Explanation:
The href attribute in the opening tag specifies the URL that the hyperlink points to.
Explanation:
The href attribute in the opening tag specifies the URL that the hyperlink points to.
33 / 70
How does the layered Internet software model work?
A) It sends data directly from the application layer to the destination
B) It passes messages through multiple layers, from application to link
C) It compresses all layers into one for efficiency
D) It only uses the application layer for message transmission

Explanation:
Internet communication involves the application, transport, network, and link layers, with each layer playing a specific role in data transmission.
Explanation:
Internet communication involves the application, transport, network, and link layers, with each layer playing a specific role in data transmission.
34 / 70
What is inter-process communication?
A) Communication between different devices
B) Communication within a single computer only
C) Communication between processes to coordinate actions
D) A method for internet browsing

Explanation:
Inter-process communication (IPC) refers to the exchange of data between processes, either within the same computer or across a network, enabling them to coordinate actions.
Explanation:
Inter-process communication (IPC) refers to the exchange of data between processes, either within the same computer or across a network, enabling them to coordinate actions.
35 / 70
Which layer of Internet software is responsible for the physical transmission of data?
A) Application layer
B) Transport layer
C) Network layer
D) Link layer

Explanation:
The link layer manages the actual transmission of data over the physical medium, ensuring connectivity.
Explanation:
The link layer manages the actual transmission of data over the physical medium, ensuring connectivity.
36 / 70
What is the purpose of XML compared to HTML?
A) XML focuses on presentation, while HTML emphasizes semantics
B) XML defines data structure, while HTML focuses on appearance
C) XML replaces all functionalities of HTML
D) XML is used only for server-side scripting

Explanation:
XML is used to represent data with semantic meaning, whereas HTML primarily defines the visual structure of webpages.
Explanation:
XML is used to represent data with semantic meaning, whereas HTML primarily defines the visual structure of webpages.
37 / 70
What type of device is used in embedded VoIP phones?
A) Analog telephone adapters
B) Smartphones
C) Handsets connected to TCP/IP networks
D) Wireless routers

Explanation:
Embedded VoIP phones directly connect to TCP/IP networks and are often used by large organizations.
Explanation:
Embedded VoIP phones directly connect to TCP/IP networks and are often used by large organizations.
38 / 70
What is the role of the domain name system (DNS)?
A) To assign IP addresses
B) To convert domain names into IP addresses
C) To allocate domain names to registrars
D) To regulate domain naming conventions

Explanation:
DNS facilitates translation between human-readable domain names and machine-usable IP addresses through DNS lookups.
Explanation:
DNS facilitates translation between human-readable domain names and machine-usable IP addresses through DNS lookups.
39 / 70
Which of the following best describes the client/server model?
A) A model where each device operates independently
B) A model where one process requests services and another provides them
C) A peer-to-peer network for temporary communication
D) A hierarchical communication model

Explanation:
The client/server model involves a client making requests and a server fulfilling these requests, as seen in applications like print servers and file servers.
Explanation:
The client/server model involves a client making requests and a server fulfilling these requests, as seen in applications like print servers and file servers.
40 / 70
What happens when a mnemonic domain name is used to send a message?
A) The message is sent directly using the domain name
B) The name is translated into an IP address by a name server
C) The ISP provides direct communication between mnemonic names
D) A central database resolves all mnemonic addresses

Explanation:
The DNS uses name servers to translate mnemonic domain names into IP addresses, enabling message delivery.
Explanation:
The DNS uses name servers to translate mnemonic domain names into IP addresses, enabling message delivery.
41 / 70
What happens when a user clicks on a highlighted word linked with anchor tags?
A) The browser displays an error
B) The browser retrieves and displays the linked page
C) The word changes its color permanently
D) The page reloads without any action

Explanation:
Clicking on a highlighted term linked with anchor tags directs the browser to fetch and display the associated webpage.
Explanation:
Clicking on a highlighted term linked with anchor tags directs the browser to fetch and display the associated webpage.
42 / 70
Which of the following is a drawback of Skype’s VoIP system?
A) It requires specialized hardware
B) It lacks Internet integration
C) It is proprietary, limiting public knowledge of its operations
D) It does not support traditional telephone calls

Explanation:
Skype is a proprietary system, so users must trust its integrity without third-party verification.
Explanation:
Skype is a proprietary system, so users must trust its integrity without third-party verification.
43 / 70
Which of the following best describes client-side scripting?
A) Scripts executed on the server before sending to the browser
B) Scripts executed directly in the user's browser
C) Scripts used only for database access
D) Scripts designed for backend processes

Explanation:
Client-side scripts, like JavaScript, run within the browser to create dynamic and interactive webpage elements.
Explanation:
Client-side scripts, like JavaScript, run within the browser to create dynamic and interactive webpage elements.
44 / 70
How does 4G technology improve VoIP functionality?
A) By increasing the need for analog adapters
B) By using an entirely IP-based network
C) By eliminating the need for Internet connections
D) By relying on traditional telephone networks

Explanation:
4G networks are fully IP-based, enabling smartphones to function as broadband-connected hosts.
Explanation:
4G networks are fully IP-based, enabling smartphones to function as broadband-connected hosts.
45 / 70
What is a domain in the context of Internet addressing?
A) A set of IP addresses in a single region
B) A mnemonic name registered to identify a region of the Internet
C) A physical server storing IP data
D) A subnet of IP addresses in a local area

Explanation:
Domains represent a logical region of the Internet and are often registered with descriptive mnemonic names.
Explanation:
Domains represent a logical region of the Internet and are often registered with descriptive mnemonic names.
46 / 70
Which tag is used to include an image in an HTML webpage?
A) <img>
B) <image>
C) <picture>
D) <src>

Explanation:
The tag is used to include images in a webpage. The src attribute specifies the location of the image file.
Explanation:
The tag is used to include images in a webpage. The src attribute specifies the location of the image file.
47 / 70
What is the primary communication model used in VoIP systems?
A) Client/Server
B) Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
C) Grid Computing
D) Blockchain

Explanation:
VoIP systems typically rely on the P2P model to transfer audio data between machines.
Explanation:
VoIP systems typically rely on the P2P model to transfer audio data between machines.
48 / 70
What are semantic tags in XML used for?
A) To specify text formatting
B) To emphasize the structure and meaning of data
C) To design webpages visually
D) To add multimedia files to webpages

Explanation:
Semantic tags in XML, such as , enable precise data categorization for enhanced searchability and data management.
Explanation:
Semantic tags in XML, such as , enable precise data categorization for enhanced searchability and data management.
49 / 70
What is the primary use of the HTML tag?
A) To create hyperlinks
B) To display bold text
C) To insert an image
D) To define a table

Explanation:
The tag in HTML is used to make the enclosed text bold, improving its emphasis on the webpage.
Explanation:
The tag in HTML is used to make the enclosed text bold, improving its emphasis on the webpage.
50 / 70
What is the purpose of dotted decimal notation in IP addresses?
A) To compress data
B) To make IP addresses easier for humans to understand
C) To encode binary data for network transmission
D) To convert IP addresses into domain names

Explanation:
Dotted decimal notation simplifies binary bit patterns into readable integers separated by periods.
Explanation:
Dotted decimal notation simplifies binary bit patterns into readable integers separated by periods.
51 / 70
What is the primary purpose of IP addresses on the Internet?
A) To assign a physical location to a machine
B) To uniquely identify each computer on the Internet
C) To serve as a domain name for users
D) To manage email exchanges

Explanation:
IP addresses are designed to uniquely identify machines within the Internet infrastructure.
Explanation:
IP addresses are designed to uniquely identify machines within the Internet infrastructure.
52 / 70
What is the main purpose of assigning port numbers to Internet applications?
A) To enhance encryption for secure communication
B) To identify specific applications or services at the destination
C) To reduce the size of transmitted packets
D) To track user activity on the Internet

Explanation:
Port numbers ensure that incoming messages are directed to the correct application or service at the destination.
Explanation:
Port numbers ensure that incoming messages are directed to the correct application or service at the destination.
53 / 70
What is a Trojan horse in the context of Internet security?
A) A self-replicating malware
B) A fake program that hides malicious activities
C) A method of encrypting messages
D) A virus that spreads via network vulnerabilities

Explanation:
A Trojan horse disguises itself as legitimate software to trick users into executing harmful actions.
Explanation:
A Trojan horse disguises itself as legitimate software to trick users into executing harmful actions.
54 / 70
What is the bit size of the newer IP addressing system being implemented?
A) 32 bits
B) 64 bits
C) 128 bits
D) 256 bits

Explanation:
The Internet is transitioning from 32-bit to 128-bit IP addresses to accommodate a larger number of devices.
Explanation:
The Internet is transitioning from 32-bit to 128-bit IP addresses to accommodate a larger number of devices.
55 / 70
What is the role of the network layer in the Internet software hierarchy?
A) Provides end-to-end message reliability
B) Directs packets to their destination using forwarding and routing tables
C) Handles user authentication
D) Manages port numbers

Explanation:
The network layer uses routing and forwarding tables to determine the best path for packets to reach their destination.
Explanation:
The network layer uses routing and forwarding tables to determine the best path for packets to reach their destination.
56 / 70
Which organization is responsible for assigning blocks of IP addresses?
A) ISPs
B) ICANN
C) DNS
D) Registrars

Explanation:
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) coordinates and awards blocks of IP addresses.
Explanation:
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) coordinates and awards blocks of IP addresses.
57 / 70
Which statement is correct about communication models on the same network?
A) Only the client/server model can be used
B) P2P and client/server models can coexist on the same network
C) Models depend entirely on the type of network hardware used
D) Networks cannot support both models simultaneously

Explanation:
A process can use the client/server model for some tasks and the P2P model for others on the same network.
Explanation:
A process can use the client/server model for some tasks and the P2P model for others on the same network.
58 / 70
What does the term "hop count" in packet forwarding refer to?
A) The total size of a packet in bytes
B) The time required for a packet to reach its destination
C) The number of routers a packet passes through
D) The bandwidth used by a packet

Explanation:
Hop count limits how many routers a packet can pass through before being discarded to prevent endless looping.
Explanation:
Hop count limits how many routers a packet can pass through before being discarded to prevent endless looping.
59 / 70
Which type of TLD is "au" in the domain name example?
A) Generic TLD
B) Government TLD
C) Educational TLD
D) Country-code TLD

Explanation:
Country-code TLDs are two-letter suffixes, such as "au" for Australia and "ca" for Canada.
Explanation:
Country-code TLDs are two-letter suffixes, such as "au" for Australia and "ca" for Canada.
60 / 70
What is hypertext in the context of the World Wide Web?
A) Text written in multiple languages
B) A method for embedding links to other documents
C) An encryption protocol for secure communication
D) A way to compress multimedia files

Explanation:
Hypertext is the foundation of the Web, allowing users to navigate between documents using hyperlinks.
Explanation:
Hypertext is the foundation of the Web, allowing users to navigate between documents using hyperlinks.
61 / 70
How are subdomains represented within a domain name?
A) By adding prefixes separated by periods
B) By appending numerical codes
C) By changing the TLD suffix
D) By adding new characters to the IP address

Explanation:
Subdomains are created by extending domain names to the left with descriptive prefixes.
Explanation:
Subdomains are created by extending domain names to the left with descriptive prefixes.
62 / 70
What does the link layer in the Internet software hierarchy handle?
A) Packet transmission over the physical medium
B) Encrypting and decrypting messages
C) Assigning IP addresses to packets
D) User input processing

Explanation:
The link layer deals with the actual transmission of data over network hardware like Ethernet or WiFi.
Explanation:
The link layer deals with the actual transmission of data over network hardware like Ethernet or WiFi.
63 / 70
How are subdomains represented within a domain name?
A) By adding prefixes separated by periods
B) By appending numerical codes
C) By changing the TLD suffix
D) By adding new characters to the IP address

Explanation:
Subdomains are created by extending domain names to the left with descriptive prefixes.
Explanation:
Subdomains are created by extending domain names to the left with descriptive prefixes.
64 / 70
What is one drawback of the P2P model in legal contexts?
A) Its centralized nature simplifies lawsuits
B) It makes it harder to enforce copyright laws
C) Servers are easier to track in P2P
D) It cannot handle file distribution efficiently

Explanation:
P2P networks lack a centralized server, making it challenging to enforce copyright laws due to the decentralized distribution.
Explanation:
P2P networks lack a centralized server, making it challenging to enforce copyright laws due to the decentralized distribution.
65 / 70
What does a URL represent in a webpage?
A) A hypertext reference to another page
B) The main heading of a webpage
C) The HTML source code of a webpage
D) A tag used for images

Explanation:
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) serves as a reference to resources on the Internet, such as webpages or files.
Explanation:
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) serves as a reference to resources on the Internet, such as webpages or files.
66 / 70
What is the bit size of the newer IP addressing system being implemented?
A) 32 bits
B) 64 bits
C) 128 bits
D) 256 bits

Explanation:
The Internet is transitioning from 32-bit to 128-bit IP addresses to accommodate a larger number of devices.
Explanation:
The Internet is transitioning from 32-bit to 128-bit IP addresses to accommodate a larger number of devices.
67 / 70
What does XML stand for?
A) eXtensible Markup Language
B) Extended Multimedia Layer
C) Extra Mathematical Language
D) eXperimental Media Link

Explanation:
XML is a standardized language for creating custom markup systems to represent structured data.
Explanation:
XML is a standardized language for creating custom markup systems to represent structured data.
68 / 70
Which HTML tag is required to make a webpage interactive with clickable links?
A) <link>
B) <a>
C) <div>
D) <p>

Explanation:
The tag is used to create hyperlinks, making webpages interactive and navigable.
Explanation:
The tag is used to create hyperlinks, making webpages interactive and navigable.
69 / 70
What does the suffix “edu” in a domain name represent?
A) A commercial organization
B) A government agency
C) An educational institution
D) A nonprofit organization

Explanation:
Domain name suffixes, called top-level domains (TLDs), classify domains, such as "edu" for education.
Explanation:
Domain name suffixes, called top-level domains (TLDs), classify domains, such as "edu" for education.
70 / 70
In peer-to-peer networks, what term is used to describe the collection of participating peers?
A) Swarm
B) Cloud
C) Group
D) Cluster

Explanation:
In P2P networks, especially in file sharing, the term 'swarm' refers to the collective peers involved in distributing and receiving files.
Explanation:
In P2P networks, especially in file sharing, the term 'swarm' refers to the collective peers involved in distributing and receiving files.
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Quizes

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CS 101 : Quizes

1 / 77
Most _ codes used today are Huffman codes.
a) Differential
b) Relative
c) Frequency-dependent

Explanation:
Huffman codes are a type of frequency-dependent coding system where characters or symbols are assigned shorter codes based on their frequency of occurrence, optimizing data compression.
Explanation:
Huffman codes are a type of frequency-dependent coding system where characters or symbols are assigned shorter codes based on their frequency of occurrence, optimizing data compression.
2 / 77
The world's first electronic digital computer:
Atanasoff-Berry (ABC)
International Business Machine (IBM)
Macintosh (MAC)
MARK 1

Explanation:
The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) was the first electronic digital computer.
Explanation:
The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) was the first electronic digital computer.
3 / 77
Refers to distributed systems that are more loosely coupled than clusters but that still work together to accomplish large tasks.
Quantum computing
Parallel computing
Grid computing
Cloud computing

Explanation:
Parallel computing involves multiple processors working simultaneously to solve complex tasks. It's more loosely coupled compared to cluster computing.
Explanation:
Parallel computing involves multiple processors working simultaneously to solve complex tasks. It's more loosely coupled compared to cluster computing.
4 / 77
If a computer could pass the Turing test, it would be able to:
Win a million-dollar prize
think like human beings
think but slower than humans
do things faster

Explanation:
The Turing test assesses a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from a human.
Explanation:
The Turing test assesses a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from a human.
5 / 77
Deep Blue, a supercomputer designed by IBM:
1989
1979
1997
1995

Explanation:
Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997, marking a major milestone in artificial intelligence and computing.
Explanation:
Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997, marking a major milestone in artificial intelligence and computing.
6 / 77
A sequence of transactions in which the user establishes initial contact with a computer’s operating system is called:
a) Logout
b) Process
c) Boot state
d) Login

Explanation:
The login process is the sequence where users authenticate and establish communication with the operating system to access its resources.
Explanation:
The login process is the sequence where users authenticate and establish communication with the operating system to access its resources.
7 / 77
The loop structure referred to as a posttest loop is:
While
Repeat
For
For Each

Explanation:
A repeat loop executes its body first and then tests its condition, making it a posttest loop.
Explanation:
A repeat loop executes its body first and then tests its condition, making it a posttest loop.
8 / 77
Capacity of one sector CD is of KB.
a) 2
b) 4
c) 1
d) 3

Explanation:
The standard size of one sector in a CD is 2048 bytes, equivalent to 2 KB for data CDs, but with additional formatting and error correction, the effective capacity is often considered around 4 KB.
Explanation:
The standard size of one sector in a CD is 2048 bytes, equivalent to 2 KB for data CDs, but with additional formatting and error correction, the effective capacity is often considered around 4 KB.
9 / 77
The layer responsible for providing addresses compatible with the Internet infrastructure is the Network layer.
Network

Explanation:
The network layer handles addressing and routing, ensuring messages are sent to the correct destination using IP addresses.
Explanation:
The network layer handles addressing and routing, ensuring messages are sent to the correct destination using IP addresses.
10 / 77
Access to forbidden literature is because of:
a) Computer
b) Cyber building
c) Identity theft
d) Lacking privacy

Explanation:
Unauthorized access to forbidden literature often results from insufficient privacy and cybersecurity measures.
Explanation:
Unauthorized access to forbidden literature often results from insufficient privacy and cybersecurity measures.
11 / 77
In some cases, the data collection process is readily apparent; in others, it is:
a) Outward
b) Subtle
c) Specious
d) Obvious

Explanation:
Data collection can sometimes be indirect or hidden, making it subtle.
Explanation:
Data collection can sometimes be indirect or hidden, making it subtle.
12 / 77
Page group includes options:
a) Cover page
b) Page margins
c) Page color
d) All of these

Explanation:
The page group typically provides options for cover pages, margins, and page colors.
Explanation:
The page group typically provides options for cover pages, margins, and page colors.
13 / 77
A supercomputer could analyze 300 billion chess moves in three minutes:
Gray Kasparov
Deep Blue
ENIAC
Harvard Mark 1

Explanation:
Deep Blue was a supercomputer specifically designed for playing chess and analyzing billions of moves.
Explanation:
Deep Blue was a supercomputer specifically designed for playing chess and analyzing billions of moves.
14 / 77
Deep Blue:
A Supercomputer
A Chess Game
A Personal Computer
A Mainframe Computer

Explanation:
Deep Blue was an IBM-designed supercomputer, renowned for its chess-playing capabilities.
Explanation:
Deep Blue was an IBM-designed supercomputer, renowned for its chess-playing capabilities.
15 / 77
Global variables are:
Visible everywhere on the webpage
Visible only in the block in which they are declared
Visible only in the main code

Explanation:
Global variables are accessible throughout the entire script, unless redefined in a specific scope.
Explanation:
Global variables are accessible throughout the entire script, unless redefined in a specific scope.
16 / 77
World's first program was written by:
Charles Babbage
Ada Lovelace
Bernoulli
Newton

Explanation:
Ada Lovelace wrote the first algorithm intended for a machine.
Explanation:
Ada Lovelace wrote the first algorithm intended for a machine.
17 / 77
Within a transfer category, which instruction communicates with devices outside the CPU?
STORE instruction
COM instruction
I/O instruction
LOAD instruction

Explanation:
Input/output instructions are used to send or receive data to and from peripheral devices.
Explanation:
Input/output instructions are used to send or receive data to and from peripheral devices.
18 / 77
The address of a file accessible on the Internet is referred to as a URL.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

Explanation:
A URL specifies the address and access method to locate a file on the web. It includes components like protocol, domain, and path.
Explanation:
A URL specifies the address and access method to locate a file on the web. It includes components like protocol, domain, and path.
19 / 77
Electronic theft includes:
a) Online scam
b) Harmful advice
c) Cyber bullying
d) Unsuitable products

Explanation:
Electronic theft often includes offering or selling inappropriate or unverified products online.
Explanation:
Electronic theft often includes offering or selling inappropriate or unverified products online.
20 / 77
The 'Save As' command is used to:
a) Close the document
b) Save changes
c) Save under a new name or format
d) Print the document

Explanation:
The 'Save As' command is used to create a new copy of the document under a different name or file format.
Explanation:
The 'Save As' command is used to create a new copy of the document under a different name or file format.
21 / 77
Which of the following is a correct shortcut for copying in MS-Word?
a) CTRL + C
b) CTRL + V
c) CTRL + A
d) CTRL + Z

Explanation:
The CTRL + C shortcut is used to copy content in most applications, including MS Word.
Explanation:
The CTRL + C shortcut is used to copy content in most applications, including MS Word.
22 / 77
The memory manager allocates:
Mass storage space
Memory space
Space in the process table
Storage space

Explanation:
Memory managers are responsible for allocating and managing primary memory for processes.
Explanation:
Memory managers are responsible for allocating and managing primary memory for processes.
23 / 77
A transport layer is said to establish a connection before sending a message.
a) HTTP
b) SMTP
c) TCP
d) UDP

Explanation:
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented protocol, meaning it establishes a connection between devices before any data is sent.
Explanation:
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented protocol, meaning it establishes a connection between devices before any data is sent.
24 / 77
Microsoft Office includes:
a) Word
b) PDF reader
c) WordPad
d) All of these

Explanation:
Microsoft Office often integrates tools like Word, PDF readers, and text editors like WordPad.
Explanation:
Microsoft Office often integrates tools like Word, PDF readers, and text editors like WordPad.
25 / 77
Ada wrote a program for computing on the Analytical Engine - the world’s first computer program:
Bernoulli’s sequence
FORTRAN
Binary Language
Assembly Language

Explanation:
Ada Lovelace wrote algorithms for Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine, specifically to compute Bernoulli numbers.
Explanation:
Ada Lovelace wrote algorithms for Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine, specifically to compute Bernoulli numbers.
26 / 77
A special-purpose computer that connects and translates between networks that use different communication protocols is called:
Bridge
Router
Gateway
None of the given choices

Explanation:
A gateway facilitates communication between different networks, converting protocols as needed.
Explanation:
A gateway facilitates communication between different networks, converting protocols as needed.
27 / 77
In black and white images, each pixel is represented as one bit—e.g., 0 for black and 1 for white. It is an example of:
a) Matrix
b) Email
c) Facsimile
d) Searching

Explanation:
Black and white representation of data in pixels is often associated with facsimile (fax) systems, where such binary encoding is used.
Explanation:
Black and white representation of data in pixels is often associated with facsimile (fax) systems, where such binary encoding is used.
28 / 77
A programming language specifically designed by the US Dept. of Defense for developing military applications:
PASCAL
JAVA
C++
Ada

Explanation:
Ada is a structured, statically typed, high-level programming language designed for military and safety-critical applications by the US Department of Defense.
Explanation:
Ada is a structured, statically typed, high-level programming language designed for military and safety-critical applications by the US Department of Defense.
29 / 77
_ refers to distributed systems that are more loosely coupled than clusters but that still work together to accomplish large tasks.
a) Cloud computing
b) Parallel Computing
c) Quantum Computing
d) Grid Computing

Explanation:
Grid computing refers to a network of computers working together on a task but without tight coupling. These systems pool resources to handle large-scale problems, often distributed across multiple locations.
Explanation:
Grid computing refers to a network of computers working together on a task but without tight coupling. These systems pool resources to handle large-scale problems, often distributed across multiple locations.
30 / 77
Time required for the desired data to rotate to the read/write head is called:
Random time
Access time
Seek time
Rotational delay

Explanation:
Rotational delay is the time it takes for the desired sector of a disk to align with the read/write head.
Explanation:
Rotational delay is the time it takes for the desired sector of a disk to align with the read/write head.
31 / 77
Which loop structure is referred to as a pretest loop?
While
Do-while
For
For-each

Explanation:
A pretest loop evaluates its condition before executing the loop's body, as seen in "while" loops.
Explanation:
A pretest loop evaluates its condition before executing the loop's body, as seen in "while" loops.
32 / 77
Which instruction is used for communicating with devices outside the CPU?
STORE instruction
COM instruction
I/O instruction
LOAD instruction

Explanation:
Input/Output (I/O) instructions are specifically designed to facilitate communication between the CPU and external devices.
Explanation:
Input/Output (I/O) instructions are specifically designed to facilitate communication between the CPU and external devices.
33 / 77
A bit is:
Basic unit of storage
Basic program of storage
Secondary unit of storage
Not a unit of storage

Explanation:
A bit, which stands for "binary digit," is the smallest unit of data in computing, representing a binary state (0 or 1).
Explanation:
A bit, which stands for "binary digit," is the smallest unit of data in computing, representing a binary state (0 or 1).
34 / 77
VoIP consists of two processes on different machines transferring audio data via the model:
P2S
P2P
P2Q
P2R

Explanation:
Voice over IP (VoIP) employs peer-to-peer (P2P) communication to transfer audio data between systems.
Explanation:
Voice over IP (VoIP) employs peer-to-peer (P2P) communication to transfer audio data between systems.
35 / 77
Web server:
Is a software to deliver email
Is a computer that stores and delivers web pages
Does not allow electronic chatting
Does not have a domain name

Explanation:
A web server processes HTTP requests and serves web pages to clients.
Explanation:
A web server processes HTTP requests and serves web pages to clients.
36 / 77
What is the maximum number of characters allowed in a single cell in Excel?
a) 1,000 characters
b) 5,000 characters
c) 32,767 characters
d) 10,000 characters

Explanation:
In Excel, a single cell can hold up to 32,767 characters.
Explanation:
In Excel, a single cell can hold up to 32,767 characters.
37 / 77
Who introduced the idea of storing programs in main memory?
John W. Mauchly
John Von Neumann
J. Presper Eckert
Konrad Zuse

Explanation:
Von Neumann proposed the architecture where both data and instructions are stored in memory.
Explanation:
Von Neumann proposed the architecture where both data and instructions are stored in memory.
38 / 77
Which of the following is used to calculate the average of a range of numbers in Excel?
a) SUM
b) AVERAGE
c) COUNT
d) MAX

Explanation:
The AVERAGE function is used in Excel to calculate the mean of a range of values.
Explanation:
The AVERAGE function is used in Excel to calculate the mean of a range of values.
39 / 77
Which Excel function would you use to calculate the sum of a range of cells?
a) SUM
b) AVERAGE
c) COUNT
d) MAX

Explanation:
The SUM function in Excel is used to add together values in a specified range.
Explanation:
The SUM function in Excel is used to add together values in a specified range.
40 / 77
Which of the following is used to change text formatting in MS-Word?
a) Home > Font
b) View > Font
c) Insert > Font
d) Review > Font

Explanation:
Text formatting can be adjusted through the 'Font' group in the 'Home' tab.
Explanation:
Text formatting can be adjusted through the 'Font' group in the 'Home' tab.
41 / 77
Editing group has commands:
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Explanation:
The editing group typically contains five core commands such as cut, copy, paste, find, and replace.
Explanation:
The editing group typically contains five core commands such as cut, copy, paste, find, and replace.
42 / 77
In an HTML document, is called the:
Actor
Anchor
Action
Alter

Explanation:
The tag, short for anchor, is used to define hyperlinks in HTML.
Explanation:
The tag, short for anchor, is used to define hyperlinks in HTML.
43 / 77
It is the same as addition in the decimal system, where you align the radix point and perform the addition.
Hexadecimal
Octal
Folic
Binary or Decimal system

Explanation:
Binary addition follows the same principles as decimal addition, with digits aligned by the radix point.
Explanation:
Binary addition follows the same principles as decimal addition, with digits aligned by the radix point.
44 / 77
A file's _ is normally stored as a separate file on the same mass storage device as the _.
a) Index, indexed file
b) Sequential, sequential file
c) Database, database file
d) Flat, flat file

Explanation:
Flat files are stored as independent entities, often on the same device as their associated flat file systems.
Explanation:
Flat files are stored as independent entities, often on the same device as their associated flat file systems.
45 / 77
Starting with vocabulary words and then giving students a reading passage is an example of:
a) A top-down approach
b) A cron-up approach
c) A bottom-up approach
d) A Pop-up approach

Explanation:
The bottom-up approach involves teaching basic components or foundational skills first (like vocabulary) before moving to a more comprehensive task (like reading a passage). This method builds the foundation step by step.
Explanation:
The bottom-up approach involves teaching basic components or foundational skills first (like vocabulary) before moving to a more comprehensive task (like reading a passage). This method builds the foundation step by step.
46 / 77
Copyrights can be applied on:
a) Dramatic works
b) Music
c) Artistic work
d) All of these

Explanation:
Copyright laws protect a range of creative works, including dramatic, musical, and artistic creations.
Explanation:
Copyright laws protect a range of creative works, including dramatic, musical, and artistic creations.
47 / 77
The father of the computer:
Ada
Charles Babbage
Charles
Gary Kasparov

Explanation:
Charles Babbage is credited as the "father of the computer" for his design of the Analytical Engine.
Explanation:
Charles Babbage is credited as the "father of the computer" for his design of the Analytical Engine.
48 / 77
A sequence of transactions where the user establishes initial contact with a computer's OS is called the Boot state.
Boot state

Explanation:
The boot state refers to the initialization process when a computer is powered on and loads the operating system.
Explanation:
The boot state refers to the initialization process when a computer is powered on and loads the operating system.
49 / 77
CPU requires at least how many nanoseconds to fetch the instruction from memory?
Two nanoseconds
One nanosecond
Three nanoseconds
One billion seconds

Explanation:
Fetching instructions from memory involves a minimum latency based on the CPU's design and clock speed.
Explanation:
Fetching instructions from memory involves a minimum latency based on the CPU's design and clock speed.
50 / 77
Content filtering works by matching:
a) String
b) Codes
c) Values
d) Paragraphs

Explanation:
Content filtering identifies patterns by matching strings of characters against predefined rules.
Explanation:
Content filtering identifies patterns by matching strings of characters against predefined rules.
51 / 77
Which function would you use to count the number of cells containing numerical data?
a) COUNT
b) COUNTA
c) SUM
d) AVERAGE

Explanation:
The COUNT function is used to count the number of cells that contain numbers in a range.
Explanation:
The COUNT function is used to count the number of cells that contain numbers in a range.
52 / 77
Which data compression technique is suitable for situations where the long sequence has the same value?
Differential encoding
Relative encoding
Run length encoding
Frequency dependent encoding

Explanation:
Run-length encoding is effective for compressing data with long sequences of repeated values by representing runs of the same data value.
Explanation:
Run-length encoding is effective for compressing data with long sequences of repeated values by representing runs of the same data value.
53 / 77
Home ribbon contains groups:
a) Paragraph
b) Font
c) Clipboard
d) All of these

Explanation:
The Home ribbon in most software includes these essential groups.
Explanation:
The Home ribbon in most software includes these essential groups.
54 / 77
The binary search algorithm uses which method?
Linear search
Divide and conquer method
Bubble sort technique
Quick sort technique

Explanation:
Binary search works by dividing the search interval in half recursively until the target element is found.
Explanation:
Binary search works by dividing the search interval in half recursively until the target element is found.
55 / 77
How many common forms of data mining?
a) Five
b) Four
c) Three
d) Two

Explanation:
Common forms of data mining typically include classification, clustering, and association rule mining.
Explanation:
Common forms of data mining typically include classification, clustering, and association rule mining.
56 / 77
Program counter is:
General purpose register
Memory address register
Special purpose register
Common purpose register

Explanation:
The program counter is a CPU register that holds the memory address of the next instruction to execute.
Explanation:
The program counter is a CPU register that holds the memory address of the next instruction to execute.
57 / 77
Who has highly privileged access to the operating system?
Administrator or authorized user
Super user or authorized user
Admin or administrator
Super user or administrator

Explanation:
A super user or administrator has the highest level of access, enabling full control over the operating system.
Explanation:
A super user or administrator has the highest level of access, enabling full control over the operating system.
58 / 77
Which of the following commands can be used to insert a hyperlink in MS-Word?
a) Insert > Hyperlink
b) File > Hyperlink
c) Home > Hyperlink
d) View > Hyperlink

Explanation:
To insert a hyperlink, you can use the 'Insert' tab and click on the 'Link' button.
Explanation:
To insert a hyperlink, you can use the 'Insert' tab and click on the 'Link' button.
59 / 77
To insert a chart in MS-Excel, you need to go to the:
a) Insert > Charts
b) Home > Charts
c) File > Charts
d) Review > Charts

Explanation:
Charts are inserted using the 'Insert' tab, under the 'Charts' group.
Explanation:
Charts are inserted using the 'Insert' tab, under the 'Charts' group.
60 / 77
_ contains the information needed by a browser to find the proper server and request the desired document.
a) TCP
b) UDP
c) SMTP
d) URL

Explanation:
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) provides the information required to access resources on the internet, including the server's address and the specific document location.
Explanation:
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) provides the information required to access resources on the internet, including the server's address and the specific document location.
61 / 77
Which key is used to quickly save a document in MS-Word?
a) CTRL + P
b) CTRL + A
c) CTRL + S
d) CTRL + D

Explanation:
CTRL + S is the shortcut key used for saving documents quickly.
Explanation:
CTRL + S is the shortcut key used for saving documents quickly.
62 / 77
Which Excel function would you use to find the highest value in a data set?
a) MAX
b) MIN
c) AVERAGE
d) SUM

Explanation:
The MAX function is used to find the highest number in a data range.
Explanation:
The MAX function is used to find the highest number in a data range.
63 / 77
Building blocks from which algorithm representations can be constructed are called:
Primitive
Non-Primitive
Scalar
Non-Scalar

Explanation:
Primitives are the basic elements used in algorithm design, such as actions and operations.
Explanation:
Primitives are the basic elements used in algorithm design, such as actions and operations.
64 / 77
The mother of the computer:
Ada
Charles Babbage
Charles
Gary Kasparov

Explanation:
Ada Lovelace is often referred to as the "mother of computer programming" for her work on the Analytical Engine.
Explanation:
Ada Lovelace is often referred to as the "mother of computer programming" for her work on the Analytical Engine.
65 / 77
Software licenses are:
a) Proprietary
b) Free
c) Open source
d) All of these

Explanation:
Software licenses can range from proprietary to open-source and free licenses.
Explanation:
Software licenses can range from proprietary to open-source and free licenses.
66 / 77
In insertion sort, sorting the names Fred, Alex, Diana, Byron, and Carol starts with a sublist consisting of the first three names.
Sublist having 3 names

Explanation:
In insertion sort, the sublist grows incrementally, beginning with the smallest portion that needs sorting.
Explanation:
In insertion sort, the sublist grows incrementally, beginning with the smallest portion that needs sorting.
67 / 77
In the context of the environment, computer science has impacts:
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Dangerous
d) Both positive and negative

Explanation:
Computer science impacts the environment positively (e.g., energy-efficient technologies) and negatively (e.g., e-waste).
Explanation:
Computer science impacts the environment positively (e.g., energy-efficient technologies) and negatively (e.g., e-waste).
68 / 77
Which key is used to delete a single character to the left of the cursor in MS-Word?
a) Delete
b) Backspace
c) Esc
d) Enter

Explanation:
The Backspace key is used to delete characters to the left of the cursor.
Explanation:
The Backspace key is used to delete characters to the left of the cursor.
69 / 77
Attacks can be made to prevent access to websites by crashing:
a) Websites
b) Servers
c) Network
d) Database

Explanation:
Denial of Service (DoS) attacks target servers to disrupt website availability.
Explanation:
Denial of Service (DoS) attacks target servers to disrupt website availability.
70 / 77
Deep Blue was designed by:
IBM
Macintosh
Apple Computers
Dell

Explanation:
IBM developed Deep Blue to demonstrate advancements in computational power and artificial intelligence.
Explanation:
IBM developed Deep Blue to demonstrate advancements in computational power and artificial intelligence.
71 / 77
A clear flag state indicates that the resource is:
Available
Unavailable
Currently allocated
Ready

Explanation:
A clear flag typically signifies that the resource is being actively used.
Explanation:
A clear flag typically signifies that the resource is being actively used.
72 / 77
Vacuum Tubes are:
Smaller than transistors
Made up of two or more electrodes in a glass metal tube
Used in IBM PC
Invented by Tim Berners-Lee

Explanation:
Vacuum tubes were used for amplification and switching before transistors.
Explanation:
Vacuum tubes were used for amplification and switching before transistors.
73 / 77
A package containing a party's name and public key is known as a certificate.
Certificate

Explanation:
A certificate is used in cryptography to authenticate the identity of the parties involved in secure communication. It contains the name of the entity and its public key.
Explanation:
A certificate is used in cryptography to authenticate the identity of the parties involved in secure communication. It contains the name of the entity and its public key.
74 / 77
Programming languages are well-designed so that each statement has meaning:
a) Only once
b) Multiple
c) No
d) Same

Explanation:
Each statement in a programming language is designed to have a clear, specific, and unambiguous meaning, avoiding confusion.
Explanation:
Each statement in a programming language is designed to have a clear, specific, and unambiguous meaning, avoiding confusion.
75 / 77
Pseudo-code is a language that is:
Dependent
Independent
Algorithm
Sequence

Explanation:
Pseudo-code is a representation of logic that is not bound to any specific programming language.
Explanation:
Pseudo-code is a representation of logic that is not bound to any specific programming language.
76 / 77
How many chess moves could Deep Blue analyze in three minutes:
300 billion
400 billion
200 billion
700 billion

Explanation:
Deep Blue had the computational power to analyze approximately 300 billion chess moves in three minutes.
Explanation:
Deep Blue had the computational power to analyze approximately 300 billion chess moves in three minutes.
77 / 77
Easy access to online health centers is because of:
a) Computer science
b) Artificial Intelligence
c) Database
d) Intelligent agents

Explanation:
Intelligent agents enable seamless access to online health centers through automation.
Explanation:
Intelligent agents enable seamless access to online health centers through automation.
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Mid Term

/37

CS 101 MID TERM

1 / 37
Shortcut key for cut is:
a) CTRL + C
b) CTRL + X
c) CTRL + V
d) CTRL + I

Explanation:
CTRL + X is the universal shortcut for cutting text or other content.
Explanation:
CTRL + X is the universal shortcut for cutting text or other content.
2 / 37
Attacks can be made to prevent access to a website by crashing:
a) Website
b) Servers
c) Network
d) Databases

Explanation:
Denial of Service (DoS) attacks aim to overload servers, making websites inaccessible.
Explanation:
Denial of Service (DoS) attacks aim to overload servers, making websites inaccessible.
3 / 37
Option in MS-Word to prevent others from making changes to selected text:
a) Block Authors
b) Protect Authors
c) Restrict Authors
d) Prevent Authors

Explanation:
The "Block Authors" feature in MS Word prevents collaborators from modifying specified sections of a document.
Explanation:
The "Block Authors" feature in MS Word prevents collaborators from modifying specified sections of a document.
4 / 37
There are many types of sensors including:
a) Camera
b) Range Sensors
c) Microphone
d) All of these

Explanation:
Sensors come in many forms, such as cameras, microphones, and range sensors, depending on their applications.
Explanation:
Sensors come in many forms, such as cameras, microphones, and range sensors, depending on their applications.
5 / 37
45. Ethics and legality are essentials in many industries, including:
a) Government Officers
b) Doctors
c) Teachers
d) All of these

Explanation:
Ethical and legal considerations apply across professions to ensure fairness, accountability, and adherence to laws.
Explanation:
Ethical and legal considerations apply across professions to ensure fairness, accountability, and adherence to laws.
6 / 37
_ is not only used as a means of retrieving data from mass storage but also as a means of retrieving items from large blocks of data storage in main memory:
a) Hashing
b) Indexing
c) Sequential
d) Database

Explanation:
Hashing is used for fast data retrieval both from storage and main memory.
Explanation:
Hashing is used for fast data retrieval both from storage and main memory.
7 / 37
Turing predicted a machine’s chance to pass the Turing test in the year:
a) 2002
b) 2008
c) 2012
d) 200

Explanation:
Alan Turing predicted that by 2012, machines would have a 70% chance of passing his eponymous test under certain conditions.
Explanation:
Alan Turing predicted that by 2012, machines would have a 70% chance of passing his eponymous test under certain conditions.
8 / 37
A program DOCTOR developed by Joseph Weizenbaum in the mid-1960s was named:
a) Alexa
b) Smart Doctor
c) Eliza
d) Joseph

Explanation:
“Eliza” was one of the earliest programs to simulate human-like interaction, focusing on psychotherapy conversations.
Explanation:
“Eliza” was one of the earliest programs to simulate human-like interaction, focusing on psychotherapy conversations.
9 / 37
Computer security is also known as:
a) System-Security
b) Cyber-Security
c) Password
d) Copyright

Explanation:
Cybersecurity refers to protecting computer systems and networks from digital threats.
Explanation:
Cybersecurity refers to protecting computer systems and networks from digital threats.
10 / 37
MS-Word is an example of:
a) Digital software
b) System software
c) Word processors
d) Utility Programs

Explanation:
MS-Word is classified as a word processor because it is designed for creating, editing, and formatting text documents.
Explanation:
MS-Word is classified as a word processor because it is designed for creating, editing, and formatting text documents.
11 / 37
When we use _ tag while searching, it shows only particular pages related to it:
a) @
b) *
c) ``
d) #

Explanation:
Hashtags (#) are commonly used for filtering or categorizing content in searches.
Explanation:
Hashtags (#) are commonly used for filtering or categorizing content in searches.
12 / 37
Shortcut key to paste is:
a) CTRL + P
b) ALT + P
c) CTRL + V
d) ALT + V

Explanation:
CTRL + V is the standard shortcut for pasting content from the clipboard.
Explanation:
CTRL + V is the standard shortcut for pasting content from the clipboard.
13 / 37
To control access to the printer, the _ must keep track of whether the printer has been allocated:
a) Process
b) Operating systems
c) Windows
d) Booting

Explanation:
Operating systems manage resource allocation, including keeping track of printer usage.
Explanation:
Operating systems manage resource allocation, including keeping track of printer usage.
14 / 37
By using MPEG and MP3 compression techniques, video cameras are able to record video within:
a) 128 GB storage
b) 28 MB storage
c) 128 MB storage
d) 8 GB storage

Explanation:
MPEG and MP3 efficiently compress video and audio, allowing large amounts of content to fit within smaller storage capacities.
Explanation:
MPEG and MP3 efficiently compress video and audio, allowing large amounts of content to fit within smaller storage capacities.
15 / 37
The amount of paper used in a year is:
a) 83 million users
b) 85 million users
c) 90 million users
d) 95 million users

Explanation:
This figure highlights the significant environmental impact of paper usage annually in the context of computing.
Explanation:
This figure highlights the significant environmental impact of paper usage annually in the context of computing.
16 / 37
If we are interested to see the map of some location, we can use the map operator in the following way:
a) Location: map
b) Map: Location
c) Mph: Map
d) Locations

Explanation:
The "Map:" operator is used to fetch location-related data in search queries.
Explanation:
The "Map:" operator is used to fetch location-related data in search queries.
17 / 37
Computer Security is also known as:
a) System-Security
b) Cyber-Security
c) Password
d) Copyright

Explanation:
Cybersecurity encompasses measures and practices to protect computers and networks from breaches and attacks.
Explanation:
Cybersecurity encompasses measures and practices to protect computers and networks from breaches and attacks.
18 / 37
Reports can be received at home through email because of advancements in:
a) Artificial Intelligence
b) Medical databases
c) Hospitals
d) Computer Science

Explanation:
Computer science advancements enable efficient email systems for receiving reports.
Explanation:
Computer science advancements enable efficient email systems for receiving reports.
19 / 37
Researchers are trying to develop systems that exhibit intelligent behavior in:
a) Theoretical
b) Intelligent
c) Artificial
d) Engineering

Explanation:
Efforts in engineering focus on creating systems that simulate intelligent decision-making.
Explanation:
Efforts in engineering focus on creating systems that simulate intelligent decision-making.
20 / 37
In MS-Word, different types of effects on text can be applied with:
a) Text box
b) Word art
c) Quick parts
d) All of the given

Explanation:
Text effects such as Word Art, Quick Parts, and Text Boxes allow users to customize text in various creative ways.
Explanation:
Text effects such as Word Art, Quick Parts, and Text Boxes allow users to customize text in various creative ways.
21 / 37
Termination condition is:
a) Negation of the condition
b) Supporting
c) Halting process
d) Logical process

Explanation:
A loop or process ends when the negation of the specified condition is met.
Explanation:
A loop or process ends when the negation of the specified condition is met.
22 / 37
We can add charts in MS-Word from the group:
a) Illustrations
b) Table
c) Symbols
d) Apps

Explanation:
Charts are added from the Illustrations group within the Insert tab in MS Word.
Explanation:
Charts are added from the Illustrations group within the Insert tab in MS Word.
23 / 37
When we draw a table in MS-Word, the table has initial column(s):
a) Zero
b) One
c) Two
d) Multiple

Explanation:
A newly inserted table starts with a single column unless specified otherwise.
Explanation:
A newly inserted table starts with a single column unless specified otherwise.
24 / 37
Contact risks include:
a) Online Scam
b) Harmful Advice
c) Cyber Bullying
d) Unsuitable products

Explanation:
Contact risks often involve receiving or interacting with unsuitable products or deceptive content online.
Explanation:
Contact risks often involve receiving or interacting with unsuitable products or deceptive content online.
25 / 37
The most famous word processor is:
a) MS-Excel
b) MS-Word
c) WordPad
d) Notepad

Explanation:
MS-Word is the most widely used word processing software globally.
Explanation:
MS-Word is the most widely used word processing software globally.
26 / 37
Who introduced the idea of storing the program in main memory?
a) Jhon W. Mauchly
b) Jhon Von Neumann
c) J. Presper Eckert
d) Konrad Zuse

Explanation:
John von Neumann proposed the stored-program concept, which is fundamental to modern computing.
Explanation:
John von Neumann proposed the stored-program concept, which is fundamental to modern computing.
27 / 37
We can increase the size of text from the home ribbon group called:
a) Paragraph
b) Font
c) Clipboard
d) Styles

Explanation:
Font settings in the Home ribbon allow changes to text size, style, and formatting.
Explanation:
Font settings in the Home ribbon allow changes to text size, style, and formatting.
28 / 37
In CS, we store and link data in an organized way using:
a) SDLC
b) MSDB
c) DMBS
d) DBMS

Explanation:
Database Management Systems (DBMS) are designed to store, retrieve, and organize data efficiently.
Explanation:
Database Management Systems (DBMS) are designed to store, retrieve, and organize data efficiently.
29 / 37
In the United States, the Privacy Act of 1974 was to protect citizens from abusive use of databases by:
a) Government
b) Public
c) Agencies
d) Companies

Explanation:
The Privacy Act of 1974 focuses on protecting citizens’ personal data maintained by government agencies to prevent misuse.
Explanation:
The Privacy Act of 1974 focuses on protecting citizens’ personal data maintained by government agencies to prevent misuse.
30 / 37
The people present around the e-waste gain:
a) Benefits
b) Diseases
c) Substances
d) Electronic waste

Explanation:
Exposure to toxins from e-waste can lead to health issues for those living or working near disposal sites.
Explanation:
Exposure to toxins from e-waste can lead to health issues for those living or working near disposal sites.
31 / 37
IPR stands for:
a) Intellectual property restate
b) Intellectual property rights
c) Intellectual property resources
d) Intellectual property release

Explanation:
IPR refers to legal rights that protect creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary works, and trademarks.
Explanation:
IPR refers to legal rights that protect creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary works, and trademarks.
32 / 37
Ctrl + Z is used for:
a) Redo
b) Undo
c) Save
d) Load

Explanation:
The Ctrl + Z shortcut reverses the last action performed in most applications.
Explanation:
The Ctrl + Z shortcut reverses the last action performed in most applications.
33 / 37
Loop structures referred to as a posttest loop:
a) While
b) Repeat
c) For
d) For each

Explanation:
A posttest loop executes the body first and checks the condition after; the "Repeat" loop fits this description.
Explanation:
A posttest loop executes the body first and checks the condition after; the "Repeat" loop fits this description.
34 / 37
In the reverse engineering process, what refers to the sophistication of the design information that can be extracted from the source code?
a) Interactive
b) Completeness
c) Abstraction level
d) Direction level

Explanation:
The abstraction level determines how detailed and refined the information extracted is during reverse engineering.
Explanation:
The abstraction level determines how detailed and refined the information extracted is during reverse engineering.
35 / 37
The field of artificial intelligence is being pursued along _ paths:
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Explanation:
AI research often follows four key paths: natural language processing, robotics, expert systems, and machine learning.
Explanation:
AI research often follows four key paths: natural language processing, robotics, expert systems, and machine learning.
36 / 37
Matching Geometric Characteristics technique Cannot read:
a) Images
b) Pictures
c) Optical characters
d) Handwritten Material

Explanation:
Techniques based on geometric characteristics are effective for structured or printed text, but they struggle with irregularities in handwritten material.
Explanation:
Techniques based on geometric characteristics are effective for structured or printed text, but they struggle with irregularities in handwritten material.
37 / 37
Pages is an option in the ribbon:
a) Home
b) Insert
c) Review
d) View

Explanation:
The Insert tab in MS Word contains the Pages group for adding new pages, cover pages, and page breaks.
Explanation:
The Insert tab in MS Word contains the Pages group for adding new pages, cover pages, and page breaks.
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Mid Term

/84

CS 101 MID TERM 2

1 / 84
_ is a related collection of WWW files that includes a beginning file called a homepage:
a) HTML
b) Website
c) HTTP
d) Web page

Explanation:
A website comprises interconnected web pages starting from a homepage.
Explanation:
A website comprises interconnected web pages starting from a homepage.
2 / 84
_ is the process of analyzing large databases to identify patterns:
a) Data normalization
b) Data management
c) Data Mining
d) None of the given options

Explanation:
Data mining identifies patterns, correlations, and trends in large datasets.
Explanation:
Data mining identifies patterns, correlations, and trends in large datasets.
3 / 84
Which is the user-friendly way of presenting data?
a) Query
b) Form
c) Report
d) All of the given options

Explanation:
Queries, forms, and reports provide different user-friendly methods for data presentation.
Explanation:
Queries, forms, and reports provide different user-friendly methods for data presentation.
4 / 84
The term “Identifier” in JavaScript refers to:
a) Value of a variable
b) Name of a variable
c) A keyword
d) Type of a variable

Explanation:
Identifiers are names assigned to variables, functions, or objects in JavaScript.
Explanation:
Identifiers are names assigned to variables, functions, or objects in JavaScript.
5 / 84
All the hardware components of the computer system are installed on:
a) Microprocessor
b) Motherboard
c) Monitor
d) Memory

Explanation:
The motherboard houses and connects all key computer components.
Explanation:
The motherboard houses and connects all key computer components.
6 / 84
A _ transport layer is used to establish a connection before sending a message:
a) HTTP
b) SMTP
c) TCP
d) UDP

Explanation:
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol ensuring reliable data transmission.
Explanation:
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol ensuring reliable data transmission.
7 / 84
In spreadsheets, cell address A12 means:
a) Row 12, Column A
b) Row 2, Column A1
c) Row A1, Column 2
d) Row A, Column 12

Explanation:
Cell addresses use column letters followed by row numbers.
Explanation:
Cell addresses use column letters followed by row numbers.
8 / 84
The bit 0 represents the value false, and bit 1 represents the value:
a) Wrong
b) True/false
c) True
d) Empty

Explanation:
In binary systems, 0 and 1 are often used to represent false and true, respectively.
Explanation:
In binary systems, 0 and 1 are often used to represent false and true, respectively.
9 / 84
Pseudo code is language:
a) Algorithm
b) Independent
c) Dependent
d) Sequence

Explanation:
Pseudocode is independent of programming languages and uses human-readable steps to describe algorithms.
Explanation:
Pseudocode is independent of programming languages and uses human-readable steps to describe algorithms.
10 / 84
Repeated erasing slowly _ the silicon dioxide chambers:
a) Damages
b) Enhances
c) Increases
d) Decreases

Explanation:
Repeated erasing and rewriting can degrade silicon dioxide layers in memory cells, such as in flash memory.
Explanation:
Repeated erasing and rewriting can degrade silicon dioxide layers in memory cells, such as in flash memory.
11 / 84
Capacity of one sector of a CD is _ KB:
a) 2
b) 4
c) 1
d) 3

Explanation:
A standard CD sector holds 4 KB of data.
Explanation:
A standard CD sector holds 4 KB of data.
12 / 84
A collection of data organized in such a way that the computer can quickly search for a desired data item is known as:
a) Retrieving
b) Database
c) Information
d) DBMS

Explanation:
A database stores and organizes data for efficient retrieval and management.
Explanation:
A database stores and organizes data for efficient retrieval and management.
13 / 84
We need _ memory to store data permanently:
a) Volatile
b) DRAM
c) RAM
d) Non-Volatile

Explanation:
Non-volatile memory like flash storage retains data even when power is lost.
Explanation:
Non-volatile memory like flash storage retains data even when power is lost.
14 / 84
While ( ): here what will be written?
a) Body
b) Condition
c) Function definition
d) Total number of code lines

Explanation:
In a while loop, the condition is written within the parentheses to determine when the loop should terminate.
Explanation:
In a while loop, the condition is written within the parentheses to determine when the loop should terminate.
15 / 84
Distance learning has got a boost due to the:
a) Easy communication
b) Online interactive contents
c) Flexibility
d) All of the given options

Explanation:
Distance learning has improved thanks to communication tools, interactive content, and flexible schedules.
Explanation:
Distance learning has improved thanks to communication tools, interactive content, and flexible schedules.
16 / 84
Establishing a well-defined set of building blocks from which algorithm representations can be constructed is called a:
a) Program
b) Primitive
c) Block
d) Pile

Explanation:
Primitives are the fundamental building blocks of algorithms.
Explanation:
Primitives are the fundamental building blocks of algorithms.
17 / 84
The _ in the state of the process must be sufficient to determine uniquely and completely the action required by each step:
a) Date
b) Instruction
c) Program
d) Information

Explanation:
The current instruction determines the process state and dictates the next action.
Explanation:
The current instruction determines the process state and dictates the next action.
18 / 84
In computers, GUI stands for:
a) General User Interrupt
b) Grayed User Interface
c) Graphical User Interface
d) Graphical Utility Icon

Explanation:
GUI refers to user-friendly interfaces that allow users to interact with computers using graphical elements like windows, icons, and buttons.
Explanation:
GUI refers to user-friendly interfaces that allow users to interact with computers using graphical elements like windows, icons, and buttons.
19 / 84
The structure in which another list starts before the first list is finished is called:
a) Multiple List
b) Nested List
c) Ordered List
d) Unordered List

Explanation:
Nested lists allow for lists within lists, commonly used in hierarchical data representation.
Explanation:
Nested lists allow for lists within lists, commonly used in hierarchical data representation.
20 / 84
How many comparisons are required to sort the elements using the insertion sort algorithm?
a) 3
b) 9
c) 7
d) 5

Explanation:
The exact number of comparisons depends on the dataset, but for a list of 5 elements, insertion sort performs 9 comparisons in the worst case.
Explanation:
The exact number of comparisons depends on the dataset, but for a list of 5 elements, insertion sort performs 9 comparisons in the worst case.
21 / 84
The name of the computer language used by the Defense Department of the United States is:
a) Smalltalk
b) C
c) C++
d) Ada

Explanation:
Ada is a programming language developed for military and mission-critical applications.
Explanation:
Ada is a programming language developed for military and mission-critical applications.
22 / 84
Which one of the following is the correct code syntax in JavaScript?
a) onmouseover
b) OnMouseOver
c) onMouseOver
d) onMouseover

Explanation:
JavaScript is case-sensitive; event handlers like `onmouseover` must be in lowercase.
Explanation:
JavaScript is case-sensitive; event handlers like `onmouseover` must be in lowercase.
23 / 84
_ language cannot be executed without an interpreter:
a) FORTRAN
b) Pascal
c) LISP
d) C#

Explanation:
LISP is interpreted, requiring an interpreter to execute its code.
Explanation:
LISP is interpreted, requiring an interpreter to execute its code.
24 / 84
In black-and-white images, each pixel is represented as one bit – e.g., 0 for black and 1 for white. It is an example of:
a) Matrix
b) Email
c) Facsimile
d) Searching

Explanation:
Black-and-white pixel representation is characteristic of facsimile (fax) images.
Explanation:
Black-and-white pixel representation is characteristic of facsimile (fax) images.
25 / 84
In 2's complement, the maximum positive number is represented by:
a) All 1's
b) A single ‘0’ followed by all 1's
c) A single ‘1’ followed by all ‘0’s
d) All ‘0’s

Explanation:
In 2's complement, the leftmost bit indicates the sign, with `0` denoting positive.
Explanation:
In 2's complement, the leftmost bit indicates the sign, with `0` denoting positive.
26 / 84
Distinction between a program believed to be correct and a program that is correct is:
a) Software Modularity
b) Software Requirements Gathering
c) Software Verification
d) Software Validation

Explanation:
Validation checks whether the software meets the user's needs and expectations.
Explanation:
Validation checks whether the software meets the user's needs and expectations.
27 / 84
_ connects computers over a large geographical area of the world:
a) LAN
b) MAN
c) WAN
d) PAN

Explanation:
Wide Area Networks (WAN) connect devices across large geographical distances, such as the internet.
Explanation:
Wide Area Networks (WAN) connect devices across large geographical distances, such as the internet.
28 / 84
A large number of networks interconnected physically is called:
a) LAN
b) MAN
c) Internet
d) Network collection

Explanation:
The internet connects numerous networks globally, forming a large, decentralized system.
Explanation:
The internet connects numerous networks globally, forming a large, decentralized system.
29 / 84
JavaScript has _ ability to create and draw graphics:
a) Limited
b) Versatile
c) Medium
d) Not at all

Explanation:
JavaScript has limited native graphic capabilities, typically relying on libraries like Canvas or SVG for advanced graphics.
Explanation:
JavaScript has limited native graphic capabilities, typically relying on libraries like Canvas or SVG for advanced graphics.
30 / 84
When the user needs something to be done by the computer, they give instructions in the form of _ to computer hardware:
a) Software, Hardware
b) Hardware, Software
c) System Software, Application Software
d) Graph, Monitor

Explanation:
System software manages hardware, while application software performs specific tasks.
Explanation:
System software manages hardware, while application software performs specific tasks.
31 / 84
What is the full form of JSP?
a) Java Server Pages
b) Java Script Pages
c) Java Semantic Pages
d) Java Source Pages

Explanation:
JSP is a technology used to create dynamic web content using Java.
Explanation:
JSP is a technology used to create dynamic web content using Java.
32 / 84
When applied to a list with n entries, the binary search algorithm will interrogate an average of _ entries:
a) Login
b) n
c) Log₂n
d) nLogn

Explanation:
Binary search halves the search space with each step, leading to a time complexity of O(Log₂n).
Explanation:
Binary search halves the search space with each step, leading to a time complexity of O(Log₂n).
33 / 84
_ provides a network with internet connectivity:
a) Hub
b) Node
c) Gateway
d) Repeater

Explanation:
A gateway connects a local network to external networks, including the internet.
Explanation:
A gateway connects a local network to external networks, including the internet.
34 / 84
_ is simply a fast port that lets you connect computer peripherals and consumer electronics to your computer without a restart:
a) Freeware
b) Shareware
c) Firewire
d) Firmware

Explanation:
Firewire provides high-speed connections for peripherals without requiring a reboot.
Explanation:
Firewire provides high-speed connections for peripherals without requiring a reboot.
35 / 84
Language of the microprocessor is called:
a) HTML
b) COBOL
c) FORTRAN
d) Instruction Set

Explanation:
The instruction set is the basic language understood by the microprocessor.
Explanation:
The instruction set is the basic language understood by the microprocessor.
36 / 84
Total number of elements in a flowchart are:
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 8

Explanation:
Flowcharts typically use seven standard elements like start/end, process, decision, etc..
Explanation:
Flowcharts typically use seven standard elements like start/end, process, decision, etc..
37 / 84
An algorithm is _ and distinct from its representation:
a) Abstract
b) Vision
c) Visual
d) Clear

Explanation:
Algorithms are conceptual ideas and independent of their physical implementation.
Explanation:
Algorithms are conceptual ideas and independent of their physical implementation.
38 / 84
Breaking the tasks into a number of subtasks compatible with the number of available processors is called:
a) Interactive processing
b) Scaling
c) Throughput
d) Load balancing

Explanation:
Load balancing distributes work evenly across processors to maximize efficiency.
Explanation:
Load balancing distributes work evenly across processors to maximize efficiency.
39 / 84
One of the major uses of the _ operation is to place zeros in one part of a bit pattern while not disturbing the other part:
a) XOR
b) NOR
c) AND
d) OR

Explanation:
The AND operation is used to mask bits by applying a pattern of zeros and ones.
Explanation:
The AND operation is used to mask bits by applying a pattern of zeros and ones.
40 / 84
If you want to search for an exact phrase on Google, then enclose it in:
a) @
b) " "
c) *
d) #

Explanation:
Quotation marks are used in search engines like Google to find results containing the exact phrase.
Explanation:
Quotation marks are used in search engines like Google to find results containing the exact phrase.
41 / 84
_ is a malware that gathers data about your activities on the system and forwards it to an outside party without your consent:
a) Worms
b) Spyware
c) Virus
d) Trojan Horses

Explanation:
Spyware secretly collects information about a user's activities and sends it to a third party.
Explanation:
Spyware secretly collects information about a user's activities and sends it to a third party.
42 / 84
Starting with vocabulary words and then giving students a reading passage is an example of:
a) A top-down approach
b) A cron-up approach
c) A bottom-up approach
d) A pop-up approach

Explanation:
The bottom-up approach builds foundational skills like vocabulary before moving to higher-level tasks.
Explanation:
The bottom-up approach builds foundational skills like vocabulary before moving to higher-level tasks.
43 / 84
_ technique can be used to create smooth animations or to display one of several images based on the requirement:
a) Image downloading
b) Image preloading
c) Image uploading
d) Image postloading

Explanation:
Preloading images ensures they are ready before being displayed, preventing flicker and ensuring smooth animations.
Explanation:
Preloading images ensures they are ready before being displayed, preventing flicker and ensuring smooth animations.
44 / 84
One term could be used for more than one thing. For example, the word "Jaguar" is used in two meanings such as:
a) Car and Cat
b) Car and Bus
c) Animal and Car
d) Car and Helicopter

Explanation:
"Jaguar" commonly refers to both a species of large cat and a car brand.
Explanation:
"Jaguar" commonly refers to both a species of large cat and a car brand.
45 / 84
The key feature of scientific/engineering/graphics applications is:
a) Intense calculations
b) User-friendly
c) Reliability
d) Cost-effective

Explanation:
Such applications often require complex mathematical computations.
Explanation:
Such applications often require complex mathematical computations.
46 / 84
Telnet is used to _ between two systems:
a) Establish a secure remote connection
b) Securely share information
c) Establish a remote connection
d) Securely transfer files

Explanation:
Telnet is a protocol for remotely accessing servers, but it lacks encryption.
Explanation:
Telnet is a protocol for remotely accessing servers, but it lacks encryption.
47 / 84
For a network to function reliably, it is important to establish rules by which activities are conducted. Such rules are called:
a) Properties
b) Patterns
c) Premises
d) Protocols

Explanation:
Protocols are predefined rules for communication between devices on a network.
Explanation:
Protocols are predefined rules for communication between devices on a network.
48 / 84
A printer is an _ device:
a) Output
b) Input
c) Input/output
d) None of the given options

Explanation:
Printers are output devices because they produce physical copies of digital data.
Explanation:
Printers are output devices because they produce physical copies of digital data.
49 / 84
The _ is becoming the preferred organizational structure for more and more organizations with the passage of time:
a) Tree structured organizational model
b) Network paradigm
c) Hierarchical structure
d) None of the given options

Explanation:
Modern organizations prefer networked structures for their flexibility and collaboration potential.
Explanation:
Modern organizations prefer networked structures for their flexibility and collaboration potential.
50 / 84
The group of technologies concerned with capturing, processing, and transmitting information in digital electronic form is called:
a) Telecom Engineering
b) Computer Engineering
c) Computer Science
d) Information Technology

Explanation:
IT focuses on handling digital information in various forms.
Explanation:
IT focuses on handling digital information in various forms.
51 / 84
A single algorithm can be represented in _ way(s):
a) Single
b) Malicious
c) Modern
d) Many

Explanation:
Algorithms can be represented in various ways, such as flowcharts, pseudocode, or programming languages.
Explanation:
Algorithms can be represented in various ways, such as flowcharts, pseudocode, or programming languages.
52 / 84
Which of the following is true about TCP in comparison to UDP?
a) Less reliable but more efficient
b) More reliable and more efficient
c) More reliable but less efficient
d) Less reliable and less efficient

Explanation:
TCP provides reliable data transfer at the cost of additional overhead, unlike UDP.
Explanation:
TCP provides reliable data transfer at the cost of additional overhead, unlike UDP.
53 / 84
_ retains its information when the power of the system is turned off:
a) RAM
b) DIMM
c) ROM
d) SIMM

Explanation:
ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile, retaining data without power.
Explanation:
ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile, retaining data without power.
54 / 84
If we use insertion sort for names Fred, Alex, Diana, Byron, Carol, one approach to sorting this list is to note that the sublist consists of:
a) Both Fred and Alex
b) Only Carol
c) Only top name
d) Sublist having 3 names

Explanation:
In insertion sort, initially, the first element is considered sorted, and the algorithm proceeds to insert other elements.
Explanation:
In insertion sort, initially, the first element is considered sorted, and the algorithm proceeds to insert other elements.
55 / 84
Tags are always placed between the `` and `` tags of a web page:
a) True
b) False

Explanation:
HTML tags are placed within the structure defined by `` and ``.
Explanation:
HTML tags are placed within the structure defined by `` and ``.
56 / 84
Most _ codes used today are Huffman codes:
a) Differential
b) Relative
c) Frequency-dependent
d) Run-length

Explanation:
Huffman codes assign shorter codes to more frequent characters to optimize data compression
Explanation:
Huffman codes assign shorter codes to more frequent characters to optimize data compression
57 / 84
JavaScript function `fixed()` has equivalent HTML tag-set:
a) <FIX>............ </FIX>
b) <F>.......</F>
c) <PRE>...........</PRE>
d) <H>................... </H>

Explanation:
The `
` tag in HTML preserves whitespace and formatting, similar to the `fixed()` JavaScript function.
Explanation:
The `
` tag in HTML preserves whitespace and formatting, similar to the `fixed()` JavaScript function.
58 / 84
One of the earliest computing devices was the:
a) Laptop
b) Abacus
c) iPhone
d) Windows

Explanation:
The abacus is an ancient tool used for calculations, predating modern computers.
Explanation:
The abacus is an ancient tool used for calculations, predating modern computers.
59 / 84
By default, in a web page, a hyperlink for another web page is represented as:
a) Blue only
b) Black and Underlined
c) Blue and Bold
d) Blue and Underlined

Explanation:
Links are typically blue and underlined to distinguish them from regular text.
Explanation:
Links are typically blue and underlined to distinguish them from regular text.
60 / 84
The key property of the 'Array' object in JavaScript is:
a) Value
b) Length
c) Name
d) All of the given choices

Explanation:
The `length` property in JavaScript arrays indicates the number of elements.
Explanation:
The `length` property in JavaScript arrays indicates the number of elements.
61 / 84
_ determine the number of bits to move the radix point to either left or right:
a) Exponent field
b) Significant bit
c) Sign bit
d) Mantissa field

Explanation:
The exponent field in floating-point representation determines the power of the base and the radix point's position.
Explanation:
The exponent field in floating-point representation determines the power of the base and the radix point's position.
62 / 84
Command which saves the selected text before deleting it is:
a) Copy
b) Delete
c) Cut
d) Undo

Explanation:
The cut command removes selected text and saves it temporarily to the clipboard.
Explanation:
The cut command removes selected text and saves it temporarily to the clipboard.
63 / 84
_ contains the information needed by a browser to contact the proper server and request the desired document:
a) TCP
b) UDP
c) SMTP
d) URL

Explanation:
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) specifies the location of a resource on the internet and how to retrieve it.
Explanation:
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) specifies the location of a resource on the internet and how to retrieve it.
64 / 84
For drawing charts based on mathematical calculations, which of the following software is most efficient and easiest to use?
a) Spreadsheet
b) Word Processor
c) Database Management System
d) Dreamweaver

Explanation:
Spreadsheets like MS Excel are ideal for calculations and charting.
Explanation:
Spreadsheets like MS Excel are ideal for calculations and charting.
65 / 84
TCP stands for:
a) Transfer Center Protocol
b) Transmission Control Protocol
c) Transmission Center Protocol
d) Telephone Center Protocol

Explanation:
TCP ensures reliable transmission of data between devices over a network.
Explanation:
TCP ensures reliable transmission of data between devices over a network.
66 / 84
The repetitive use of instructions or sequences of instructions is an important algorithmic concept. This repetition is implemented using the iterative structure known as a:
a) Loop
b) IF ELSE
c) Class
d) Condition

Explanation:
Loops allow for repeated execution of instructions under specified conditions.
Explanation:
Loops allow for repeated execution of instructions under specified conditions.
67 / 84
Structures, in which another list starts before the first list is finished, are called:
a) Multiple Lists
b) Nested Lists
c) Ordered Lists
d) Unordered Lists

Explanation:
Nested lists contain sublists within the main list, commonly used in hierarchical data representation.
Explanation:
Nested lists contain sublists within the main list, commonly used in hierarchical data representation.
68 / 84
A sequence of transactions in which the user establishes initial contact with a computer operating system is called:
a) Logout
b) Process
c) Boot state
d) Log in

Explanation:
The login process involves authentication and establishing user access to the system.
Explanation:
The login process involves authentication and establishing user access to the system.
69 / 84
Generally, how many steps does a machine cycle have?
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) Two or more

Explanation:
The machine cycle typically includes fetch, decode, execute, and store phases.
Explanation:
The machine cycle typically includes fetch, decode, execute, and store phases.
70 / 84
Choose the correct sequence of technologies used in the evolution of computers from the start to today:
a) Mechanical, Electro-mechanical, Vacuum Tubes, Transistors
b) Electro-mechanical, Mechanical, Vacuum Tubes, Transistors
c) Electronic, Mechanical, Electro-mechanical
d) Mechanical, Electrical, Quantum Computing, Transistors

Explanation:
Computers evolved from mechanical devices to modern electronics using transistors and beyond.
Explanation:
Computers evolved from mechanical devices to modern electronics using transistors and beyond.
71 / 84
Which one of the following is correct for the symbolic representation of primitives?
a) Semantic
b) Systematic
c) Abstract
d) Syntax

Explanation:
Primitives are defined through a consistent syntax in programming.
Explanation:
Primitives are defined through a consistent syntax in programming.
72 / 84
Post-test loop structure refers to:
a) Test for termination is performed before the body is executed.
b) Test for termination is performed as well as the body is executed.
c) Test for termination is performed after the body is executed.
d) Test for termination is performed with the body is executed.

Explanation:
A post-test loop executes the body at least once before checking the termination condition.
Explanation:
A post-test loop executes the body at least once before checking the termination condition.
73 / 84
On social media, sometimes a particular _ is very popular:
a) Hashtag
b) Symbol
c) Operator
d) Word

Explanation:
Hashtags (#) are widely used on social media platforms to categorize and popularize topics.
Explanation:
Hashtags (#) are widely used on social media platforms to categorize and popularize topics.
74 / 84
The set of tasks that ensures the software correctly implements a specific function is known as:
a) Modularity
b) Verification
c) Validation
d) Requirement gathering

Explanation:
Verification ensures the software meets its design specifications and functions correctly.
Explanation:
Verification ensures the software meets its design specifications and functions correctly.
75 / 84
Due to working at home, lack of interaction may result in _ professional growth:
a) Slower
b) Faster
c) Higher
d) Improved

Explanation:
Remote work can reduce interpersonal interaction, which might slow down professional development and networking.
Explanation:
Remote work can reduce interpersonal interaction, which might slow down professional development and networking.
76 / 84
The computers of the _ were not very flexible or efficient:
a) 1940's and 1950's
b) 1950's and 1960's
c) 1930's
d) 1961's and 1970's

Explanation:
Early computers like ENIAC were limited in functionality and efficiency.
Explanation:
Early computers like ENIAC were limited in functionality and efficiency.
77 / 84
Google Drive is an example of:
a) Grid and cluster Computing
b) Cluster Computing
c) Cloud Computing
d) Grid Computing

Explanation:
Google Drive is a cloud-based storage and collaboration platform.
Explanation:
Google Drive is a cloud-based storage and collaboration platform.
78 / 84
A CPU designed to execute a minimal set of instructions is called a:
a) CISI
b) RISC
c) ENIAC
d) RISC/CISI

Explanation:
Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) focuses on a simplified set of instructions for efficiency.
Explanation:
Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) focuses on a simplified set of instructions for efficiency.
79 / 84
Which one of the following is true about a process?
a) Activity of executing an algorithm
b) Activity of executing a program
c) Abstract representation of a machine
d) Activity of representing pseudocode

Explanation:
A process represents a program in execution along with its associated resources.
Explanation:
A process represents a program in execution along with its associated resources.
80 / 84
_ refers to distributed systems that are more loosely coupled than clusters but still work together to accomplish large tasks:
a) Cloud computing
b) Parallel computing
c) Quantum computing
d) Grid Computing

Explanation:
Grid computing involves multiple loosely connected systems collaborating on tasks.
Explanation:
Grid computing involves multiple loosely connected systems collaborating on tasks.
81 / 84
The encryption of data is related to:
a) Data updates
b) Data security
c) Data integrity
d) Data accessibility

Explanation:
Encryption ensures data security by protecting it from unauthorized access.
Explanation:
Encryption ensures data security by protecting it from unauthorized access.
82 / 84
Which one is the example of spreadsheet software?
a) MS Word
b) MS PowerPoint
c) MS Excel
d) MS Access

Explanation:
MS Excel is designed for managing data in spreadsheets with features for calculations and analysis.
Explanation:
MS Excel is designed for managing data in spreadsheets with features for calculations and analysis.
83 / 84
You might search the following or similar things and get unpleasant results which might depress you:
a) Stomach condition
b) Study
c) Teaching
d) Skin condition

Explanation:
Searching for medical conditions like skin issues online can lead to distressing or alarming information.
Explanation:
Searching for medical conditions like skin issues online can lead to distressing or alarming information.
84 / 84
ENIAC stands for:
a) Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
b) Electronic Numbers and Integrator and Calculator
c) Electronic Numerical Integer and Calculations
d) Electronic Numbers Integer and Calculations

Explanation:
ENIAC was the first general-purpose electronic computer developed in the 1940s.
Explanation:
ENIAC was the first general-purpose electronic computer developed in the 1940s.
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By WordPress Quiz plugin

Mid Term

/18

CS 101 MID TERM 3

1 / 18
By today’s standards, the Mark-I was slow, requiring 3 to 5 seconds for a multiplication operation:
a) True
b) False

Explanation:
Mark-I, one of the first computers, had slow processing speeds by modern standards.
Explanation:
Mark-I, one of the first computers, had slow processing speeds by modern standards.
2 / 18
The number of steps required to execute an algorithm can be used to measure:
a) Space
b) Time
c) Memory
d) Bandwidth

Explanation:
Time complexity evaluates the efficiency of an algorithm based on the number of steps it requires.
Explanation:
Time complexity evaluates the efficiency of an algorithm based on the number of steps it requires.
3 / 18
JavaScript stores all numbers as:
a) Integers
b) Floating point numbers
c) String
d) Dynamic typed

Explanation:
All numeric values in JavaScript are stored as double-precision floating-point numbers.
Explanation:
All numeric values in JavaScript are stored as double-precision floating-point numbers.
4 / 18
The effect of the paragraph tag (
) in a webpage is that it:
a) Brings the cursor to the next line
b) Brings back the cursor to the previous line
c) Brings the cursor to the next after next line
d) Keeps the cursor in the same line

Explanation:
The
tag starts a new paragraph, moving the cursor to the next line.
Explanation:
The
tag starts a new paragraph, moving the cursor to the next line.
5 / 18
A set of stand-alone productivity applications designed to work together is known as:
a) Productivity software suites
b) Compiled software
c) Secure software
d) Intelligent software

Explanation:
Examples include Microsoft Office and Google Workspace.
Explanation:
Examples include Microsoft Office and Google Workspace.
6 / 18
Select the variable name which is invalid in JavaScript:
a) While
b) sum
c) _sum
d) cs_101

Explanation:
while is a reserved keyword in JavaScript and cannot be used as a variable name.
Explanation:
while is a reserved keyword in JavaScript and cannot be used as a variable name.
7 / 18
The oldest GUI-based web browser is:
a) IE
b) Mozilla
c) Mosaic
d) Opera

Explanation:
Mosaic was the first widely used graphical web browser, released in 1993.
Explanation:
Mosaic was the first widely used graphical web browser, released in 1993.
8 / 18
There are NO standard rules to write Pseudocode:
a) Standard
b) No standard
c) Pre-defined
d) Strict

Explanation:
Pseudocode is informal and does not follow a strict set of rules, allowing flexibility.
Explanation:
Pseudocode is informal and does not follow a strict set of rules, allowing flexibility.
9 / 18
The memory size of the Altair 8800 was:
a) 128 bytes
b) 256 bytes
c) 128 Kilobytes
d) 256 Kilobytes

Explanation:
The Altair 8800, an early personal computer, initially had 256 bytes of memory.
Explanation:
The Altair 8800, an early personal computer, initially had 256 bytes of memory.
10 / 18
Bit-mapped graphics are also known as:
a) Vector
b) Raster
c) Scalar
d) Simple

Explanation:
Raster graphics use a grid of pixels to represent images, also known as bitmaps.
Explanation:
Raster graphics use a grid of pixels to represent images, also known as bitmaps.
11 / 18
_ are the best choice for showing data generally needed to be expressed in percentage:
a) Line Charts
b) Area Charts
c) Bar Charts
d) Pie Charts

Explanation:
Pie charts visually represent data as percentages of a whole.
Explanation:
Pie charts visually represent data as percentages of a whole.
12 / 18
Which one of the following is not a building block of an algorithm?
a) Processes
b) Sequences
c) Repetitions
d) Conditions

Explanation:
Algorithms rely on sequences, repetitions, and conditions as building blocks, not processes.
Explanation:
Algorithms rely on sequences, repetitions, and conditions as building blocks, not processes.
13 / 18
_ converts the source code written in a high-level language into machine language code:
a) Utilities
b) Drivers
c) Language Translator
d) System Software

Explanation:
Compilers and interpreters translate high-level code into machine-readable instructions.
Explanation:
Compilers and interpreters translate high-level code into machine-readable instructions.
14 / 18
In flowcharts, there is only one entry point in conditions, while there are _ exit points:
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Explanation:
Conditional flowchart elements have one entry and two possible exit paths.
Explanation:
Conditional flowchart elements have one entry and two possible exit paths.
15 / 18
is an example of:
a) Single Tag
b) Paragraph Tag
c) Single with Attribute Tag
d) Single without Attribute Tag

Explanation:
The
tag defines a paragraph in HTML.
Explanation:
The
tag defines a paragraph in HTML.
16 / 18
Which of the following symbols is used in JavaScript to add multiple line comments in a program?
a) /
b) //
c) /* */
d) /*

Explanation:
JavaScript uses /* and */ for multi-line comments.
Explanation:
JavaScript uses /* and */ for multi-line comments.
17 / 18
_ semicolon is used to terminate all JavaScript statements:
a) Colon
b) Semicolon
c) Underscore
d) Apostrophe

Explanation:
Semicolons are used to terminate most JavaScript statements.
Explanation:
Semicolons are used to terminate most JavaScript statements.
18 / 18
To make a text bold in HTML, the tag used is:
a) <BR></BR>
b) <BOLD></BOLD>
c) <B></B>
d) <BODY></BODY>

Explanation:
The tag is used for bold text in HTML.
Explanation:
The tag is used for bold text in HTML.
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